ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-006, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi Glomus mosseae on characteristics of leaf development of Paeonia suffruticosa under salt stress
Guo Shaoxia1,2* Han Tingting2 and Liu Runjin1
1Institute of Mycorrhizal Biotechnology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao Shandong Province 266109, China.
2College of Garden and Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao Shandong Province 266109, China.
Accepted 08 January, 2019
Abstract
The effects of Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on the characteristics of leaf development of Paeonia suffruticosa at different levels of salt stress (0, 8, 16 and 24%) were studied. Potted ‘Feng Dan’ seedlings were inoculated with Glomus mosseae, and the non-inoculated was used as the control. The results showed that under salt stress leaf relative water content, sclerophyllous index of leaves and leaf succulence level of P. suffruticosa seedlings inoculated with G. mosseae were significantly higher than those of non-inoculated seedling, and specific leaf area was significantly lower than that of the control. Leaf water loss rate of the non-inoculated peony was faster, the percentage of water loss in the total amount of water each time point is the highest. These results suggest that G. mosseae may play an important role in the leaf traits and enhanced salt tolerance of tree peony seedlings.
Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, characteristics of leaf development, Paeonia suffruticosa, salt stress.
Guo Shaoxia* Han Tingting, Liu Runjin
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-008, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Application of phytodisinfectants in water purification in rural Cameroon
K. A. Yongabi1*, D. M. Lewis1 and P. L. Harris2
1School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Adelaide, South Australia.
2School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, South Australia.
Accepted 11 November, 2018
Abstract
Findings from a preliminary lab-scale study show strong potentials of phytodisinfectants as a low-cost, appropriate and ecological alternative technology in purifying water in rural Cameroon. A survey of plants used in water purification in Bamenda, Cameroon, indicated that there are many plants used in water treatment. A rapid screening on the coagulative and disinfection potential of four most frequently used plants was carried out on; Moringa oleifera, Jatropha curcas, calyx of Hibiscus sabdarifa, sclerotium of Pleurotus tuberregium against their crude methanol extracts, aluminum sulphate and sodium hypochlorite controls on turbid surface water samples. A beaker experiment with varying weights (0.5 to 5 g) of dried pulverized plant materials and alum (control) were placed in 200 ml each of the three-turbid water samples and left for thirty minutes retention time. A 95% reduction in bacterial loads of the water samples by M. oleifera in fifteen minutes residence time was observed. J. curcas seeds, as well as H. sabdarifa calyx also reduced the bacterial loads between 75 to 90%. All the plant extracts except P. tuberregium inhibited an Escherichia coli isolate from the turbid water with highest zone of inhibition (15 mm) recorded for M. oleifera seed extract. The inhibition zones produced by three of the plant extracts were comparable to aluminum sulphate (6 mm) and sodium hypochlorite (17 mm). Crude methanol extracts from M. oleifera seeds, J. curcas seeds and H. sabdariffa calyx used directly on turbid water drastically reduced the total aerobic mesophilic bacterial counts far more than the unextracted plant powders. The turbidity of both phytodisinfectant and alum treated water samples drastically reduced while no turbidity reduction was observed with sodium hypochlorite treated water samples. The pH of alum treated water was observed to decrease from neutral to 5.0 while pH of phytocoagulant treated water was 7.0. This report suggest that M. oleifera seeds, J. curcas seeds and calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa posses both phytodisinfectant and phytocoagulant property in water purification. Scerotium of P. tuberregium poses only phytocoagulant (mycocoagulant) activity. Plant materials can be used as phytocoagulants and phytodisinfectants in treating turbid water and can be applied in wastewater treatment. Further studies on the application of Phytodisinfectants in domestic water purification, especially the phytodisinfection potentials of M. oleifera are exigent.
Key words: Phytodisinfectants, phytobiotechnology, phytocoagulants, bacteria turbid water, plants, Moringa oleifera, Cameroon.
K. A. Yongabi*, D. M. Lewis and P. L. Harris
Page: 1 - 8
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-006, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Bacteriological studies on pulmonary lesions of camel (Camelus dromedarius) slaughtered at Addis Ababa abattoir, Ethiopia
Nesibu Awol1, Gelagay Ayelet2, Shiferaw Jenberie2*, Esayas Gelaye2, Tesfaye Sisay1 and Haileleul Nigussie1
1Faculty of Veterinary medicine, A.A.U, P. O. Box: 34, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia.
2National Veterinary Institute, P. O. Box: 19, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia.
Accepted 12 January, 2019
Abstract
This study was carried out with the aim of identifying bacterial species involved in lung lesions of camels slaughtered between October 2009 and April 2010 at Addis Ababa abattoir enterprise, Ethiopia. All camels were originated from Borana and Kereyu pastoral areas. A total of 387 lungs were inspected during the study period, of which 300 (77.5%) possessed gross pulmonary lesions. Of which 72 lungs with lesions were processed for bacteriology and bacterial growth was observed from 50 of the pneumonic lung samples. A total of 54 bacterial species were isolated and identified. These included coagulase negative staphylococci (21.1%), Streptococcus species (19.3%), Escherichia coli (17.5%), Francisella tularensis (5.3%), Flavobacterium species (5.3%), Rhodococcus equi (5.3%), Bordetella bronchoseptica (3.5%), Aeromonas hydrophila (3.5%), Neisseria species (3.5%), Streptococcus agalactia (1.8%), Staphylococcus aureus (1.8%), Pasteurella trehalosi (1.8%), Pasteurella anatipestifer (1.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1.8%), Micrococcus species (1.8%) and Mycobacterium species (5.3%). These pathogens could induce respiratory diseases under stressful conditions or predispose camels to other opportunistic infections.
Key words: Bacteria, camel, pulmonary lesion, Ethiopia.
Gelagay Ayelet, Tesfaye Sisay and Haileleul Nigussie, Nesibu Awol, Esayas Gelaye, Shiferaw Jenberie*
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Antimicrobial activities of the whole plant of Cestrum nocturnum against pathogenic microorganisms
Murad Ali Khan1*, Humaira Inayat2,3, Haroon Khan4,5, Mohammmad Saeed4, Ikhtair Khan3 and Inayat-Ur-Rahman2
1Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan.
2Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratories Complex, Jamrud Road, Peshawar, Pakistan.
3Department of Chemistry University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
4Department of Pharmacy University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.
5Gandhara College o f Pharmacy, Gandhara University, Peshawar, Pakistan.
Accepted 22 January, 2019
Abstract
The crude methanol extract of the whole plant of Cestrum nocturnum L. (Solanaceae) and its subsequent fractions were tested against various bacterial and fungal strains. With the exception of Salmonella typhi, the tested samples showed marked antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aurous, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Shigella flexenari. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranged from 19 to 280 µg/ml. The crude extract and fractions were also susceptible to Candida species and Microsporium canis. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for various fungi ranged from 170 to 290 µg/ml. In phytochemical analysis, the crude form and fractions of plant showed the presence of various phytochemical chemical groups like glycosides, alkaloids, saponins, phenols, flavonoids, sterols and tannins. Therefore, the current findings can be attributed to these groups.
Key words: Cestrum nocturnum L., antibacterial, antifungal, phytochemicals.
Haroon Khan, Ikhtair Khan and Inayat-Ur-Rahman, Humaira Inayat, Mohammmad Saeed, Murad Ali Khan*
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-008, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of isolates of Dermatophilus congolensis from cattle, sheep and goats in Jos, Nigeria
S. J. Shaibu1*, H. M. Kazeem2, U. S. Abdullahi3 and M. Y. Fatihu2
1Dermatophilosis Research, National Veterinary Research Institute Vom, Nigeria.
2Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria.
3Department of Veterinary Surgery and Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria.
Accepted 18 January, 2019
Abstract
Dermatophilus congolensis is the causative agent of dermatophilosis an economically important disease of livestock, and also an agent of zoonotic importance. The disease has been reported worldwide, with a wide host range which includes domestic, wild and aquatic animals. This study was therefore undertaken to characterize isolates of the organism from cattle, sheep and goats in Nigeria. All the isolates, except two sheep isolates fermented glucose and sucrose. The whole cell protein profiles of the isolates were similar at about 62 and 20 KDa, but different at other levels. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the partial 16SrRNA gene amplified all the isolates, but not other organisms included. The multiple sequence alignment of the PCR amplicons sequences showed an identity of between 98.5 and 100% across all the isolates. There was also a sequence similarity of between 99.2 and 99.76% between the isolates and the partial sequence of the type strain of D. congolensis DSM 44180T in the Genbank. Based on these techniques it may be concluded that all the isolates are the same with minor differences which were not enough to speciate them.
Key words: Dermatophilus congolensis, phenotypic, genotypic, sds-page, polymerase chain reaction, sequencing, multiple sequence analysis.
S. J. Shaibu*, H. M. Kazeem, U. S. Abdullahi and M. Y. Fatihu
Page: 1 - 8
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-009, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Fibrolytic potential of spent compost of the mushroom Agaricus bisporus to degrade forages for ruminants
M. Ayala1, S. S. González-Muñoz2* J. M. Pinos-Rodríguez3, C. Vázquez1, M. Meneses2, O. Loera4 and G. D. Mendoza4
1Facultad de Medicina Veterinariay Zootecnia. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México.
2Ganadería, Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Montecillo, Estado de México, México.
3Instituto de Investigación de Zonas Desérticas, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, México.
4Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidades Iztapalapa and Xochimilco, México City, México.
Accepted 17 January, 2019
Abstract
To evaluate the fibrolytic potential to degrade forages, extracts from spent compost of Agaricus bisporus (SCAB) were evaluated in vitro. Firstly, SCAB was cultivated for 50, 60 and 90 days (culture stage) and enzyme activity was evaluated. The highest cellulase activity was at 60 days; xylanase activity was not affected by culture stage and laccase activity increased as culture stage increased. Secondly, extracts of SCAB cultivated for 60 days were preserved by refrigeration, freezing, freeze-drying, refrigeration + benzoic acid, freezing + benzoic acid, freezing + glycerol, or freezing + benzoic acid-glycerol and then fibrolytic activity was evaluated. The highest fibrolytic activity was shown by SCAB frozen with addition of either glycerol or benzoic acid, or freeze- dried. Finally, effects of SCAB as an additive to enhance ruminal degradation of alfalfa hay, Taiwan grass, barley straw, and spent compost of A. bisporus were evaluated. Soluble fraction of dry matter of alfalfa and potential degradation of dry matter of Taiwan grass and barley straw were increased by SCAB. It is concluded that SCAB showed a noticeable fibrolytic activity which might increase degradation of forages in the rumen.
Key words: Agaricus bisporus, degradation, fibrolytic enzymes, forages, ruminants.
M. Ayala, O. Loera and G. D. Mendoza, S. S. González-Muñoz* J. M. Pinos-RodrÃguez, M. Meneses, C. Vázquez
Page: 1 - 9