Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017

Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr

© 2017 International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Variation in mitochondrial activity over the life cycle of Nadsonia fulvescens

W. Chantel Swart¹, W. J. Pieter van Wyk², H. Carolina Pohl¹ and L. F. Johan Kock¹*

¹UNESCO-MIRCEN: Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa.

²Centre for Microscopy, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa.

Accepted 14 June, 2017

Abstract

The yeast Nadsonia fulvescens is characterized by a unique life cycle. After conjugation between the parent cell and the first bud, the zygote moves into a second bud formed at the opposite end of the parent cell. This second bud is then delimited by a septum and becomes the ascus. Usually one, rarely two spherical, brownish, spiny to warty ascospores are formed within the ascus giving rise to brown coloured colonies. Strikingly, no increased mitochondrial activity was observed in the ascus when compared to the vegetative cells as previously reported for many yeast. In this study, the parent cell and attached first bud showed increased mitochondrial activity when compared to the ascus. When anti-mitochondrial compounds were added, the mitochondrial activity was inhibited in the parent cell and attached first bud followed by the formation of less asci with ascospores (many not fully developed and white coloured giving rise to white colonies). We conclude that sufficient mitochondrial activity in the parent cell and first bud is necessary to produce enough energy for the formation of a proper ascus with brown coloured ascospore (s).

Key words: Asci, ascospore, life cycle, mitochondria, mitochondrial inhibitors, Nadsonia fulvescens.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017

Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr

© 2017 International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Molecular typing of methicilin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates at Ain Shams University Hospital, Egypt

H. I. Awadalla¹, I. A. Khalil², H. H. Bassim², M. N. Ahmed³ and L. M. Wahba³

¹Institute of Environmental Studies and Research, Ain Shams University, Egypt.

²Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Egypt.

³Ain Shams University hospital, Egypt.

Accepted 30 June, 2017

Abstract

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major nosocomial pathogen and it has been increasingly seen in community settings. The general objective of this study was to characterize by phenotyping and genotyping methods MRSA strains isolated from inpatients, outpatients and health care workers. Specimens were collected from patients in Ain Shams University hospitals. Genotyping is based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP), following Hae II digestion of the amplified part of the hyper variable region of mecA gene (mecA - HVR). The study included 51 phenotypically detected MRSA isolates by conventional methods. PCR revealed the presence of 50 mecA positive strains, whereas, one strain was genotypically mecA negative. PCR-RFLP revealed three different patterns (A, B and C) which were detected in the three tested groups in patients – outpatients and health care workers (HCWs) in variable percentages. Genotyping using PCR-RFLP of mecA -HVR can rapidly demonstrate and discriminate the relatedness of isolates in different hospital wards and also in the community. As the same genotypes (A, B and C) of MRSA were detected in both hospitals and communities as well as in HCWs, therefore it is impossible to decide where they originated.

Key words: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, polymerase chain reaction, hospital acquired.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017

Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr

© 2017 International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

In vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from Abarema cochliacarpos (Gomes) Barneby and J. W. Grimes

Nina Claudia Barboza da Silva¹*, Maria Apparecida Esquibel², Jaci do Espírito Santo Santos³, Mara Zélia de Almeida⁴, Corine Silva Sampaio⁴ and Tânia Fraga Barros⁴

¹Plant Production Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Alto Universitário s/n, Cx. Postal 16, 29500-000, Alegre-ES, Brazil.

²Plant Biotechnology Postgraduate Program, Health Science Center, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, bloco K, 2° andar, sala 20 - Ilha do Fundão, 21944-970, Rio de Janeiro - RJ, Brazil.

³Barra II Community Association, 44859-000, Morro do Chapéu-BA, Brazil.

⁴Pharmacy Faculty, Federal University of Bahia, Campus de Ondina, Av. Barão Geremoabo, 40170- 240 Salvador-BA, Brazil.

Accepted 5 July, 2017

Abstract

The usage of Abarema cochliacarpos (Mimosaceae) in traditional medicine by many communities in Brazil for diseases such as leucorrhea and dermatitis and as an antiseptic might indicate its antimicrobial activities. In order to assay in vitro antimicrobial activity, three extracts (hot aqueous extract, cold aqueous extract and methanol extract) from stem bark of A. cochliacarpos were tested against a panel of standard microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus ATTC 6835, Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341, Escherichia coli ATCC 10536, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442, Salmonella choleraesuis ATCC 10708, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC 9533 and Aspergillus niger ATCC 16404) and multiresistant clinical isolates (S. aureus MR 01, MR02 and MR03). The antimicrobial activity was evaluated through the disk diffusion method, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the micro dilution method. The results indicated that both aqueous extracts are active against gram-positive bacteria (M. luteus ATCC 9341, S. aureus ATCC 6835, and all clinical multiresistant samples) and against gram -negative bacteria (S. choleraesuis ATCC 10708). MIC values ranged between 5.0 and 15.62 µg/ml for gram-positive bacteria. The methanol extract gave a positive result only for gram-positive bacteria (ATTC standards M. luteus and S. aureus and all clinical multiresistant samples).

Key words: Abarema cochliacarpos, antimicrobial activity, gram-negative bacteria, gram-positive bacteria, medicinal plant, traditional use.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017

Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr

© 2017 International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Clinical isolating outer membrane protein pattern from Avian Escherichia coli of China

Zhang Tie*, Wang Chun-guang and Zhao Xing-hua

College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Dingzhou 073000, China.

Accepted 13 July, 2017

Abstract

The outer membrane protein (OMP) were extracted from38 strains of avian Escherichia coli which were isolated from the dead chickens of chicken breeding farms in 3 areas of Baoding, Qinhuangdao and Beijing by using ultrasonic cleaving and N- Lauroyl sarcosine sodium and OMP typing was done by SDS- PAGE to understand the genetic relationship of isolated strains from Avian pathogenic E. coli. There were 3 OMP types in these 38 strains of E. coli, in which, type OMP-1 was in common for 6 serotypes of isolated strains of O₇₈, O ₈₈, O₂, O ₁₈, O₉₃ and O₇₆, type OMP-abelonged to isolated strain of O₇₆, OMP-b was found from all of the isolated strains of O₉₃, O₇₈, O₈₈, O₂, this indicated the identical serotype strain might belong to quite different OMP patterns and among isolated strains without any relationship in serotype could have the same OMP type. Among isolated strains with the same serotype strains might have genetic differentiation. And among the isolated strains of different serotypes, there might be the genetic relationship with different degree.

Key words: Avian Escherichia coli, outer membrane protein, O serotypes.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017

Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr

© 2017 International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Core sampling test in large-scale compost cells for microorganism isolation

Ana Luisa V. Bitencourt, Marcelo A. Vallim, Daniela Maia, Rafael Spinelli, Renata Angeloni, Luciana Principal, Elisangela Souza and Renata C. Pascon*

Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal da São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Accepted 5 July, 2017

Abstract

Composting is a process by which organic wastes are transformed into fertilizer, preventing excess organic matter accumulation. Microbes that carry out this transformation have application in biotechnology. Composting cell assembling is a complex process, it can reach several m³ of diverse materials. It is desirable a sampling methodology that allows the microbial analysis, however, this matter has not yet been approached by other researchers. In this work we tested soil auger to probe large-scale compost piles at the São Paulo Zoo, in São Paulo, Brazil. The criterion for auger selection was percentage loss of material and microbe isolation from samples.

Key words: Core sampling, compost, microorganism isolation, auger.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017

Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr

© 2017 International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Investigation antibacterial activity of Streptomycetes isolates from soil samples, West of Iran

Ali reza Dehnad*, Laleh Parsa Yeganeh, Rouhollah Bakhshi, Ahad Mokhtarzadeh, SamadAbdi Soofiani, Ali Reza Monadi, Sevda Gasanova and Rahib Abusov

Department of Genomics, Branch of Northwest and West region of Iran (Tabriz), Agriculture Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Iran.

Accepted 12 July, 2017

Abstract

In this research, our goal is to determine Streptomyces species with antimicrobial activity from some regions of Northwest of Iran. The future studies will be performed to investigate the type of antimicrobial agents. In order to achieve to this aim, soil sample collected were diluted and cultured in SCA medium. The Actinomycetes were isolated considering morphological characteristics in macroscopic and microscopic levels and examined for the microbial activity. The antimicrobial positive bacteria were selected for further biochemical and molecular studies. Through the molecular studies, 16srDNA gene of the each bacterium was amplified and digested using TaqI endonuclease. The handling of RFLP pattern of 16srDNAs was done using genedoc bioinformatics software to determine the strains of the bacteria. 150 isolated Actinomycete colonies, 12 different strains showed antimicrobial activity in which 11 strains belonged to the Streptomycetes and were known as different strains of the Streptomyces genus, we identified 11 Streptomyces strains from the mentioned regions of the northwest of Iran with high antimicrobial activity. To determine the antimicrobial agents further studies are needed. In this research, we tried to study the ability of the production of anti-microbial agents by Streptomyces species from some regions of Northwest of Iran. Our results led to the 12 isolates with the different ability to produce antibiotics.

Key words: Actinomycetes, antibiotics, antimicrobial activity, Iran, Streptomycetes.