ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2016
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2015 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Association of IGF-1 gene polymorphism with milk production traits and paternal genetic trends in Iranian Holstein bulls
Yousef Mehmannavaz1*, Cyrus Amirinia2, Mortaza Bonyadi3 and Rasoul Vaez Torshizi4
1Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran.
3Center of Excellence for Biodiversity, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
4Animal Science Department, Faculty of Agricultural, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Accepted 12 November, 2015
Abstract
The effects of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 polymorphism were examined on milk production traits and genetic trends in the Iranian Holstein bulls. A total of 282 bulls were genotyped for SnaBI restriction site in the 5' flanking region of IGF-1 by applying PCR-RFLP method. The allele frequencies for C and T alleles were 0.562 and 0.438, respectively. The results indicated that genetic variants at the 5'-noncoding region of the bovine IGF-1 gene had a marked effect on estimated breeding values of milk (EBVM) and fat yields (EBVF). The heterozygous bulls (CT genotype) had higher EBVM and EBVF than homozygous bulls (P < 0.1) . The average substitution effects of alleles were not significant for none of studied traits (P > 0.1). The studied polymorphism of IGF-1 showed no significant association with genetic trends of milk related traits (P > 0.1). These results suggest that allelic interaction in IGF-1 polymorphism as over dominance and might be effectiveness in animal improving by crossbreeding.
Key words: IGF-1, polymorphism, Holstein, genetic trend.
Yousef Mehmannavaz*, Cyrus Amirinia, Mortaza Bonyadi and Rasoul Vaez Torshizi
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2016
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2015 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Periodic changes in Prosopis cineraria associated AM population at different soil depth and its relationship with organic carbon and soil moisture
Neelam Verma1, J. C. Tarafdar2* and K. K. Srivastava1
1Arid Forest Research Institute, Jodhpur 342 005, Rajasthan, India.
2Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur 342 003, Rajasthan, India.
Accepted 24 August, 2015
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) spore population was studied at eight levels of soil depth under two different sites viz., P. cineraria under agro forestry area (with moong bean) and P. cineraria as sole crop at four different quarters of the year (July, October, January, April). In agro forestry areas the spore population recorded higher as compared to P. cineraria grown as sole crop. The upper layer (0-30 cm) contains more number of AMF population in comparison to deeper layers. The trend in decrease of spore population to soil depth was as follows: 11 - 20 cm > 0 - 10 cm > 21 - 30 cm > 31 - 40 cm > 41 - 50 cm > 51 - 60 cm > 61 - 70 cm > 71 - 80 cm. AMF population was also correlated with organic carbon content at different soil depths. The per cent organic carbon content varied between sites and among the soil depths. The more organic carbon content was recorded at upper layers and decreasing towards deeper layers. The maximum moisture content was found in first quarter, that is, in month of July and minimum in fourth quarter, that is, in April. However, spore population was positively correlated with soil organic matter throughout the year but not with soil moisture. The results demonstrated that status of AMF population under P. cineraria depends on soil depth, soil organic carbon, soil moisture content and the site of plantation.
Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhiza, organic carbon content, Prosopis cineraria, soil depth, soil moisture.
J. C. Tarafdar* and K. K. Srivastava, Neelam Verma
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2016
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2015 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A comparative study on biofilm formation of non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa under single culture or co-culture
Lan Liu 1*, Lijuan Chu 2, Qian Liu 3, Cai Wang 1, Yongwu Xia 1, Xuesong Peng 1
1Clinical Laboratory Center Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, China.
2Department of Clinical Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
3Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China.
Accepted 3 December, 2015
Abstract
Individual bacteria can accumulate to form biofilm which can help bacteria escape from host immune defense and many antimicrobial agents. Therefore biofilm involves a large number of bacteria which can induce chronic diseases. Here, we compared the differences of biofilm formation among Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) single culture condition, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) single culture condition and NTHi- P. aeruginosa co -culture condition. Biofilm clone formation unit (CFU) counting revealed that the number of clinical isolated P. aeruginosa was larger than clinical isolated NTHi 3 days after incubation. In co-culture condition, the CFU was significantly higher than both types of single culture condition. Consistent with this result, measurement of crystal violet staining of bacteria attached on the plate well showed that, when co-cultured, the absorbance at 570 nm enhanced 2 - 3 times compared with this two types of single culture condition. Our results were confirmed under scanning electron microscope (SEM). 3 days after inoculation, the co-cultured bacteria stacked more densely to form channels and mushroom-like structure. Whereas both single cultured groups exhibited a more or less sparse, flat-net shape. Intriguingly, both clinical isolated NTHi and P. aeruginosa showed weaker capability in the case of biofilm formation compared with their sibling strains NTHi49247 and P. aeruginosa 27853, respectively. Because all the clinical strains were isolated from children whose immuno-system had not yet developed mature or strong enough, bacteria that had less infectious capability were opportunistically invasive. Our results indicate that NTHi and P. aeruginosa can form biofilm in vitro synergistically.
Key words: Nontypeable haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, dynamic observation, biofilm formation.
Lan Liu*, Cai Wang, Lijuan Chu, Yongwu Xia and Xuesong Peng, Qian Liu
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2016
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2015 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Prevalence and diagnostic aspects of sputum smear positive tuberculosis cases at a tertiary care institution in Rwanda
Claude Mambo Muvunyi1, 3*, Florence Masaisa1, 3, Claude Bayingana1, Andre Musemakweri2, Leon Mutesa1 and Teresa Carbonell Hernandez1, 4
1Department of Clinical Biology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire-Butare, National University of Rwanda, Butare, Rwanda.
2Department of Internal Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire-Butare, National University of Rwanda, Butare, Rwanda.
3Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University Hospital, Belgium.
4Department of Microbiology, Teaching Hospital "J. M. Aristegui", Matanzas, Cuba.
Accepted 12 October, 2015
Abstract
Approximately one third of the world’s population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 9.27 million new cases of TB occurred in 2007. Developing countries disproportionately shoulder the global burden of disease with the highest estimated rates in the world, with an estimated 55% of global cases in Asia and 31% in the African region. The incidence of new sputum smear positive in Rwanda through recent national survey was an estimated 162 per 100 000 population. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of smear positive pulmonary TB among patients at the University of Butare Teaching Hospital, a tertiary health facility in South province, Rwanda. In addition, some aspects of the performance of the pulmonary TB diagnosis are discussed. The overall prevalence of sputum smear positive cases were 17.3% (63 0f 364) and most of the positive patients were within the age range 15 - 44 years. The highest percentage of TB was seen in the age group of 15 - 24 years compared with the lowest percentages in the age group below 14 years and above 45 years. A total of 63 (17.3%) suspects were found to have at least one positive. Of these, 56 (88.9% of those with one or more positive smears and 92% of those who fulfilled the case definition) were detected from the first specimen and 7 (11.1%) were positive on the second specimen but not the first. The third specimen did not have any additional diagnostic value for the detection of AFB. The prevalence of sputum smear positive cases of 17.3% increases with age up to the age 44 years. Our result show that examining two sputa smears was sufficient for the detection of AFB in our laboratory. Further research involving different laboratories from all of the regions of Rwanda is needed to reassess these findings.
Key words: Smear positive tuberculosis, prevalence, diagnostic aspects, Rwanda.
Leon Mutesa and Teresa Carbonell Hernandez, Claude Mambo Muvunyi*, Florence Masaisa, Claude Bayingana, Andre Musemakweri
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2015
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2015 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effect of particulate materials on lactic fermentation of new local white variety cassava (“Bianbasse”) using both spontaneous and starter culture
I. A. Adetunde1*, A. A. Onilude2 and L. A. Adetunde3
1University of Mines and Technology, Department of Mathematics, Tarkwa, Ghana.
2University of Ibadan, Department of Botany and Microbiology, Ibadan. Oyo State, Nigeria.
3University for Development studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Department of Applied Biology, Navrongo Campus, Ghana, UER.
Accepted 9 September, 2014
Abstract
The effect of particulate materials on lactic fermentation of cassava using both spontaneous and starter culture - Lactobacillus plantarum was investigated. The mean value counts during spontaneous fermentation, the total dissolved loads in all the samples, the total reducing sugars of all samples, the microbial loads in all the samples, the contents of crude protein, crude fibre, ash contents, ether extract, phytic acid and tannin were determined. All samples had an increase in lactic acid bacteria counts through out the fermenting time of 72 h than total bacteria counts in all samples. Sample A had the highest counts of lactic acid bacteria but total bacteria counts in sample A showed decrease in their counts. Sample C had an increase in both lactic acid bacterial and total bacteria counts. Other samples with added particulate materials showed corresponding increase in lactic acid bacteria counts compare to total bacteria counts. There was corresponding increase in total dissolved solids of sample containing varying concentrations of particulate materials ranging from 300 - 2500 mg/l. Total reducing sugar content for the samples ranged from 3.0 - 6.4 mg/l. Sample A had the highest total reducing sugar of 6.4 mg/l at 72 h of fermentation while sample C had the lowest value of 4.8 mg/l. Sample A inoculated with starter culture and other samples with supplemented materials, sample A1, A2 and A3 had an increase in crude protein, crude fibre, crude fat/ether, phytic acid and tannin content than sample C which was not inoculated.
Key words: Particulate materials, samples.
I. A. Adetunde*, A. A. Onilude and L. A. Adetunde
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2015
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2015 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Bioactivity of essential oil from Ailanthus altissima bark against 4 major stored-grain insects
Jianhua Lu* and Shuhui Wu
School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
Accepted 17 December, 2014
Abstract
The essential oil was extracted by Soxhlet method with anhydrous diethyl ether from Ailanthus altissima Swingle (Sapindales: Simaroubaceae) bark, a traditional Chinese herbal plant and its repellent, contact and fumigant activities were investigated against four major stored grain insects. A. altissima bark oil significantly repelled Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae), Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Liposcelis paeta Pearman (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae) adults, with the repellency value reaching IV grade or stronger during the whole exposure period. A. altissima bark oil also pos-sessed strong contact toxicity on S. oryzae adults which gradually enhanced with increased exposure time and the corrected percentage mortality reached 76.5% after 72 h treatment. Furthermore, A. altissima bark oil had high fumigant activity against O. surinamensis and S. oryzae adults with the corrected percentage mortality 99.3 and 81.9% within 24 h, respectively.
Key words: Ailanthus altissima bark, essential oil, stored-grain insects, bioactivity.
Shuhui Wu, Jianhua Lu*
Page: 1 - 10