ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2015
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2015 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Irrigation influence by treated domestic wastewater instead of agronomical water on essential oil yield of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)
Hossein Hassanpour Darvishi1*, Mohammad Manshouri2, Hossein Sedghi2 and Sayed Habib Mousavi Jahromi2
1 Ph.D Student of Water Sciences & Engineering, Science & Research Branch, Islamic Azad University (IAU) , Tehran, Iran. 2Department of Water Sciences and Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Accepted 26 February, 2014
Abstract
In this experiment, we have used the soil profile as a biological filter that can to absorb pollution and microbes in the domestic wastewater at Iran during 2009. In this experiment, we had 15 lysimeters, that were planted canola (Brassica napus L.) in 1 to 5 lysimeters and were irrigated by domestic wastewater with BOD5 about 150 mg/lit and primary drainage water were accumulated. In the 6 to 9 lysimeters was planted alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and were irrigated by primary drainage water and then, were accumulated secondary drainage water. We have irrigation 10, 11 and 12 lysimeters by secondary drainage water that was planted inside the basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). In order to compare plants characteristics, in 13, 14 and 15 lysimeters were planted canola, alfalfa and basil respectively and were irrigated by agronomical water. The results showed that the soil could reduce BOD5 and COD from 150 and 232 mg/lit to 11 and 18 mg/lit respectively in secondary drainage water. The essential oil yield of basil 17% increased under irrigation by secondary drainage water into irrigation by agronomical water. Therefore, the use of secondary drainage water can be increase the quantity and quality yields in plants and the other hand, protects sweet water resources.
Key words: Domestic wastewater, agronomical water, essential oil yield, basil.
Mohammad Manshouri, Hossein Sedghi and Sayed Habib Mousavi Jahromi, Hossein Hassanpour Darvishi*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2015
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2015 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Mycorrhizal root colonisation and the subsequent host plant response of soil less grown tomato plants in the presence and absence of the mycorrhizal stimulant, Mycotech
Y. Cwala1, C. P. Laubscher1, P. A. Ndakidemi1* and A. H. Meyer2
1Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa.
2ARC Infruitec-Nietvoorbij, Private Bag X5026, Stellenbosch, 7599, South Africa.
Accepted 15 January, 2014
Abstract
A hydroponic trial was carried out to assess the effect of inoculating tomato plants with AM fungi, in the presence and absence of a mycorrrhizal stimulant (Mycotech). Four treatments were applied: (1) AM inoculant, (2) mycorrhizal stimulant, (3) AM + Stimulant and (4) Stimulant alone. Arbuscular mycorrhizal treated plants were 14% root colonized, whilst AM + Stimulant treated plants, were 25% colonized. No colonization was observed in non -AM and non-AM + Stimulant treated plants. However, AM + Stimulant treated plants did not show any significant improvement over AM treated plants, in either the plant nutrient concentrations, except Cu, or the growth of the plants, despite a root colonization advantage. In general, there was also no improvement in colonized plants over non- colonized plants, possibly due to the abundant supply of nutrients. However, Stimulant treated plants performed better than the other plants in terms of their P, K, Ca, Mg and Mn nutrition. The causes of this increase remain unknown. This study has shown that the combined use of mycorrhizal stimulant and AM have a definite advantage for improving root colonization levels, but more research with regard to nutrient supply in the system, is required to ensure further benefits to the plants.
Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhizal, dry matter, hydroponics, inoculant, macronutrients, micronutrients, tomatoes.
C. P. Laubscher, Y. Cwala, P. A. Ndakidemi* and A. H. Meyer
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2015
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2015 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Transforming p-coumaric acid into p-hydroxybenzoic acid by the mycelial culture of a white rot fungus Schizophyllum commune
Ashish Sachan1,2*, Shashwati Ghosh1,2 and Adinpunya Mitra1
1Natural Product Biotechnology Group, Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur - 721 302, India.
2Department of Biotechnology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi - 835 215, Jharkhand, India.
Accepted 17 December, 2014
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to study the catabolic product(s) of p-coumaric acid by a white rot fungus, Schizophyllum commune. TLC and HPLC chromatogram showed that p-hydroxybenzoic acid was formed as a major degradation product of p-coumaric acid. The purity of p-hydroxybenzoic acid was further confirmed by mass spectrometry. A maximum amount 2.5 mg/l of p-hydroxybenzoic acid was detected in the culture medium on 12th day of incubation using 5.0 mM p-coumaric acid as sole source of carbon. It was assumed that during the process of p-coumaric acid degradation, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde was produced as an unstable intermediate, which was rapidly converted into p-hydroxybenzoic acid and accumulated in the media. An indication of a very slow reverse conversion, that is, p-hydroxybenzoic acid into p-hydroxybenzaldehyde was also traced.
Key words: p-coumaric acid, Schizophyllum commune, p-hydroxybenzoic acid.
Shashwati Ghosh and Adinpunya Mitra, Ashish Sachan*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2015
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2015 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Real and conditional convergence in Africa: The case of the Franc zone Countries
Latif Dramani
Agence Nationale de la Statistique et de la Démographie, Rue de Diourbel X Rue de Saint Louis BP, 116 Dakar RP, Sénégal. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: (221) 77 514 84 40.
Accepted 1 April, 2014
Abstract
Using the convergence theory inspired by models of endogenous growth, this paper analysed convergence in the economies of the Franc Zone countries in Africa. With an econometric validation based on cross-sectional and panel data, the paper tested a number of hypotheses, the main ones being the convergence of the economies of the UEMOA and CEMAC zones through per capita income, the existence of spillover effects, as well as the search for a common growth path for the economies of the two zones. The study’s findings show that the convergence process, and hence that of integration has not been carried out uniformly in the Franc Zone: the process has been given greater emphasis in UEMOA than in CEMAC. Further, the conditional convergence model highlights the existence of key variables that help to maximize the convergence speed. A more refined convergence approach, which used similarities related to production factors and those related to natural advantages highlight the presence of a convergence club. The study found a period-related convergence in the cotton-producing countries, coffee-producing countries and coastal countries. This shows that the hypothesis of a common convergence path in the Franc Zone has not been borne out by our study.
Key words: Beta convergence, stochastic convergence, panel data, cointegration, economic integration.
Latif Dramani
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2015
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2015 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
The dynamic relationship among poverty, inequality, and growth in rural Ethiopia: A micro evidence
Fekadu Gelaw
Department of Agricultural Economics, Haramaya University, Ethiopia. E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 11 March, 2014
Abstract
The Ethiopian government has boldly set very rapid and sustainable growth and its equitable distribution as its prime development objective to end poverty in the foreseeable future. For this reason, promoting agricultural and rural development has been purported by the government as its top development agenda since it took power some 19 years back. Yet the extent to which the government realizes this objective remains in doubt. This paper attempts to analyze the dynamic relationships among poverty, inequality and growth. While many of the available studies use aggregate cross-country data sets, this study, however, uses household panel data-set. The decomposition result indicates that the observed growth was neither rapid nor sustainable. Poverty and inequality have not also declined considerably except between 1995 and 1997. The study also systematically generated 90 observations of indices from the five rounds to estimate Fixed Effect (FE) regression model. The estimated growth and inequality elasticities of poverty were found equal to 3.32 and -3.68, respectively. What this means is that poverty could still remain high if the country fails to achieve rapid and sustainable growth, on the one hand, and simultaneously reduce inequality, on the other.
Key words: Inequality, poverty, growth, fixed effects.
Fekadu Gelaw
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2015
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2015 International Scholars Journals
Review Paper
Regional trade agreements and its impact on trade flows for South African agricultural products
M. Y. Teweldemedhin1* and H. D. Van Schalkwyk2
1Department of Agriculture, Polytechnic of Namibia, Namibia.
2North West University, Potchefstroom Campus, South Africa.
Accepted 12 March, 2014
Abstract
The aim of this study was to measure the impact of liberalisation on the South African agricultural economy, particularly the impact on trade flow of the exchange rate, trade liberalisation and distance of trading partners using the gravity model. The model found that all variables were significant at one percent and carried the expected sign. Only the EU dummy variable had an inverse relationship, implying that the EU trade agreement has a negative impact on the export capacity of the South African farmers. This result has important policy implications for the South African agricultural sector in selecting and strengthens the regional block agreement. Given the importance of distance to markets, South Africa should emphasise efforts to reduce transaction costs. It is also important to protect and advocate productivity growth within the era of globalisation challenges Secondly, from an export promotion standpoint, distance in the model result showed that per capita income in importing countries is elastic and significant when it comes to determining exports. Therefore, it is important for South Africa to revise all the existing trade links and extend further to countries or regions with a high per capita income in order to realise export potential.
Key words: Trade liberalisation, distance of trading partners, gravity model.
M. Y. Teweldemedhin*, H. D. Van Schalkwyk
Page: 1 - 10