ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-004, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
E-test versus disk diffusion method in determining multidrug resistant strains of Escherichia coli in urinary tract infection
Y. Erfani1, A. Rasti2*, A. Mirsalehian3, S. M. Mirafshar3, V. Ownegh3
1Department of Laboratory medicine, School of Allied health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box: 13185-1678, Tehran, Iran.
2School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
3School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Accepted 15 January, 2019
Abstract
Multidrug resistant strains of Escherichia coli are becoming a major challenge in treatment of patients with urinary tract infection. Developing effective screening methods for selection of antimicrobial resistant strains is necessary. In this study, we have compared descriptively results of E-test with Disk diffusion agar method in selection of multidrug resistant strains of E. coli among patients with urinary tract infection. In disk diffusion test, 19 of 256 urine collections were resistant to 5 antibiotics used in the study. Later E-test was performed on these 19 collections with the same 5 antibiotics. In E-test, 10.5% of the specimens were sensitive to Bacterim, 21.1% to gentamicin, 47.7% to nitrofurantoin, 10.5% to ciprofloxacin and 10.5% to Ceftazidime. Results indicate that performing E-test on strains that were resistant in disk diffusion test may increase specificity in determination of multidrug resistant strains of E. coli in patients with urinary tract infection. This antibiotic susceptibility study showed difference between E-test and disk diffusion agar in assessing the antibiotic susceptibility and found E-test accuracy and its superiority to disk diffusion in detecting multidrug resistance.
Key words: Escherichia coli, resistance, E-test, disk diffusion.
S. M. Mirafshar and V. Ownegh, A. Rasti*, A. Mirsalehian, Y. Erfani
Page: 1 - 4
Short Communication
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-003, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
Antimicrobial potential of Xylaria polymorpha (Pers.) Grev.
Nurcihan Hacioglu1, Ilgaz Akata2 and Basaran Dulger1*
1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Arts, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, 17100 Canakkale, Turkey.
2Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
Accepted 04 January, 2019
Abstract
The ethanolic extracts obtained from the macrofungus Xylaria polymorpha (Pers.) Grev. (Ascomycetes) have been investigated for their antimicrobial activity. Growth inhibition using agar disc diffusion assays was determined against Escherichia coli ATCC 11230, S. aureus ATCC 6538P, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 8427, Bacillus cereus ATCC 7064, Micrococcus luteus CCM 169, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, Rhodotorula rubra DSM 70403, Geotrichum capitatum ATCC 28576, Debaryomyces hansenii DSM 70238, Kluyveromyces fragilis ATCC 8608 and Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC 90112. As a result of study, we have found that X. polymorpha revealed antimicrobial activity against all tested microorganisms. Especially, G. capitatum is more susceptible to the extracts.
Key words: Xylaria polymorpha, antimicrobial activity.
Ilgaz Akata and Basaran Dulger*, Nurcihan Hacioglu
Page: 1 - 3
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Genetic analysis of Karakul sheep breed using microsatellite markers
Shahram Nanekarani1*, Cyrus Amirinia2 and Nour Amirmozafari3
1Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Broujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Broujerd, Iran.
2Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Karaj, Iran.
3Department of Molecular Biology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Accepted 01 January, 2019
Abstract
In this study, the genetic variation in Karakul sheep was investigated using 15 microsatellite markers (MCMA2, BMS460, BM1815, OARCP26, OARFCB20, MAF64, OARAE129, BMS332, LSCV38, BM6444, BMS995, MCMA26, BMS678 and OARCP49) and all fifteen loci were amplified successfully. Genomic DNA was extracted from 120 blood samples, using modified salting-out method. Tests of genotype frequencies for deviation from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) were performed at each locus and revealed significant departure from HWE (P < 0.001) due to heterozygote excess. Parameters of variability such as effective number of alleles and gene diversities corroborated with the high level of variation frequently displayed by microsatellite markers. The fifteen tested loci were all polymorphic. Furthermore, other criteria of genetic variation including polymorphism information content (PIC) values and Shanon information index were calculated in this study. Results showed that, high level of genetic diversity was observed in Karakul breed and this breed was not at risk for conservation concept. This research has also shown that microsatellite technique is a useful tool for evaluation of genetic variation among domesticated animals.
Key words: Karakul sheep, microsatellite markers, genetic variation, polymorphism. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE).
Cyrus Amirinia and Nour Amirmozafari, Shahram Nanekarani*
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
The presence of Campylobacter jejuni in broiler houses: Results of a longitudinal study
Yavuz Cokal1*, Vildan Caner2, Aysin Sen3, Cengiz Cetin3 and Murat Telli4
1Bandirma Vocational School, Balikesir University, 10200, Bandirma, Balikesir, Turkey.
2Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Pamukkale University, 20020, Kinikli, Denizli, Turkey.
3Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Uludag University, 16059, Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey.
4Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Adnan Menderes University, 09100, Aytepe, Aydin, Turkey.
Accepted 18 January, 2019
Abstract
In this study, the presence of Campylobacter jejuni in water lines of commercial broiler house and its role in the epidemiology of the infection of broiler flocks was investigated. The study was done in three sequential commercial broiler flocks previously known to be infected with C. jejuni in two poultry houses with different water sources. C. jejuni was identified in drinking water and drinking nipple swab samples in water-line samples from both houses. Fresh fecal dropping samples were taken from broiler flocks for determination of C. jejuni-carriage. Twenty and 130 C. jejuni isolates were recovered from water-line system and fecal dropping samples, respectively. A total of 150 C. jejuni isolates were genotyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) with SmaI digestion and 9 distinct PFGE patterns were identified. Six and 5 different PFGE types were identified in houses 1 and 2, respectively. C. jejuni isolates, recovered from water lines samples, were genotypically similar to the isolates from fresh fecal dropping in both houses. These results showed that C. jejuni water-line contamination was related to flock contamination and could help to continuously make it infected with C. jejuni.
Key words: Campylobacter jejuni, broiler, water, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.
Aysin Sen, Yavuz Cokal*, Vildan Caner, Cengiz Cetin and Murat Telli
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-008, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Optimization of ethanol production from mango pulp using yeast strains isolated from “taberna”: A Mexican fermented beverage
Jorge Alejandro Santiago-Urbina1, Lucia Maria Cristina Ventura-Canseco1, Teresa del Rosario Ayora-Talavera1, Sandy Luz Ovando-Chacón1, Luc Dendooven2, Federico Antonio Gutiérrez-Miceli1 and Miguel Abud-Archila1*
1División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla Gutiérrez Carr. Panamericana km. 1080, C.P. 29050, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, México.
2Laboratory of Soil Ecology, GIB, Cinvestav, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, C.P. 07360 México D. F., México.
Accepted 09 January, 2019
Abstract
Undamaged, uninfected and ripe mango fruits were collected from mango trees grown in Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México. In a first experiment, a Plackett-Burman statistical experimental design was used to study the effect of KH2PO4 (0.5 to 6.0 g/ll); (NH4)2SO 4 (0.5 to 4.0 g/l); ZnSO4 (0.05 to 1.0 g/l); MgSO4 (0.4 to 2 g/l); CaCl2 (0.1 to 1.0 g/l); CoSO4 (0.1 to 1.0 g/l) and the total sugar content of mango pulp (Mangifera indica var. criollo) (80 to 120 g/l) on ethanol production using two yeasts strains (denominated TL-ITTG-01 and TL-ITTG -06) isolated from a Mexican fermented native beverage. Saccharomyces cerevisiae NRRL-Y-2034 was used as reference strain. The variables studied had no significant effect on ethanol production by the yeast strain TL-ITTG-01 and S. cerevisiae NRRL-Y-2034. Highest ethanol productions were 24.89±0.17 for TL-ITTG- 01 and 51.24±3.40 g/l for S. cerevisiae NRRL-Y-2034. Substrate concentration, that is, sugars in the mango pulp, and CoSO4, however, had a significant effect on the ethanol production by strain TL-ITTG-06 and the highest ethanol production for this strain was 47.92±0.82 g/l. Ethanol production by the strain TL-ITTG -06 was further optimized using a factorial design 22. The maximum ethanol concentration predicted by the model was of 48.56 g/l with 210.0 g/l sugar and 0.1 g/l of CoSO4, but a fermentation with the aforementioned concentrations resulted in an ethanol production of 52.60±0.77 g/l.
Key words: Ethanol, Plackett-Burman design, mango pulp.
Federico Antonio Gutiérrez-Miceli and Miguel Abud-Arch, Jorge Alejandro Santiago-Urbina, Teresa del Rosario Ayora-Talavera, Luc Dendooven, Sandy Luz Ovando-Chacón, Lucia Maria Cristina Ventura-Canseco
Page: 1 - 8
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-009, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Isolation and characterization of heavy metal removing bacterial bioflocculants
J. Lin* and C. Harichund
School of Biochemistry, Genetics, and Microbiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville) Private Bag X 54001, Durban, Republic of South Africa.
Accepted 10 January, 2019
Abstract
Thirteen metal-tolerant bacteria capable of producing metal- removing bioflocculants were isolated from an industrial effluent sample. Pseudomonas sp. was found to be the pre-dominant species among the isolates (8 out of 13), followed by Herbaspirillium spp. (4) and one Paenibacillus sp. The flocculating activity of bioflocculants produced by these microorganisms was assayed using the kaolin clay. The heavy-metal-removal efficiency was determined using atomic absorption spectrometer before and after mixing the bioflocculant with the heavy metal solutions. Bioflocculants exhibit different flocculating abilities of removing kaolin clay in the presence of different heavy metals. Bioflocculants produced by Pseudomonas sp. CH9 possessed the highest flocculating activity (1.8) compared to the remaining bioflocculants. The flocculating activities of CH11 and CH13 increased to 0.95 and 0.87 in the presence of Pb2+ and to 0.89 and 0.98 in the presence of Hg2+ respectively from 0.015 in the presence of Ca2+ in the standard kaolin clay assay. Up to 90% of Pb2+ was removed by Pseudomonas sp. CH8 bioflocculants. Seventy-eight percent of Hg2+ and 66% of Cd2+ was removed by Pseudomonas sp. CH6 and Herbaspirillium sp. CH13 bioflocculants respectively. Most of the bioflocculants demonstrated a higher percentage of heavy-metal removal at low concentrations. This study demonstrates that microbial bioflocculants have potential to be used as an alternative bioremedial tool for industrial effluents and wastewater treatments which are co-contaminated with heavy metals.
Key words: Bioflocculant; heavy metals, Pseudomonas sp., Herbaspirillium sp., Paenibacillus sp., Industrial effluent.
J. Lin*, C. Harichund
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