ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Prediction of bacterial toxins by an improved feature extraction and IB1 algorithm fusion
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-005, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Prediction of bacterial toxins by an improved feature extraction and IB1 algorithm fusion
Chaohong Song
College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: +86 189 71212816. Fax: +86 027 87282133.
Accepted 10 January, 2019
Abstract
Correctly identifying bacterial toxin is of great benefit to cell biology and medical research. In order to improve predictive accuracy, based on the concept of pseudo amino acid composition, combined with the methods of approximate entropy and IB1 algorithm, a new method is proposed to predict bacterial toxins in this paper. The improved method gives comprehensive consideration of amino acid composition, side-chain mass of the amino acid, hydrophilic, and hydrophobic characteristics of a protein sequence. The total prediction accuracy of our method was 97.52% for bacterial toxin and non-toxin, and 97.33% for discriminating endotoxins from exotoxins, which were much higher than that of the previous methods.
Key words: Approximate entropy, IB1 algorithm, bacterial toxin, exotoxins, endotoxins, pseudo amino acid composition.
Chaohong Song
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-009, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Molecular subtyping of multiresistant community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Amal Al-Hazzani
Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science (Female Section) King Saud University, Riyadh Saudi Arabia. E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 08 January, 2019
Abstract
A total of 550 subjects from the community and 190 subjects from health care-related facilities in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia were evaluated for the prevalence of nasal Staphylococcus aureus colonization and to identify risk factors associated with S. aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) colonization. Among the community subjects, 1% had nasal MRSA colonization. Subjects from health care-related facilities had a lower S. aureus colonization rate (4.2%) than community subjects (1.2%), but had a significantly higher rate of colonization with MRSA (1.65%). Age (P < 0.001) was a significant risk factor for S. aureus colonization, with subjects under age 21 years or between 52 and 61 years showing higher rates of colonization. Recent gastrointestinal disease (P = 0.010) and hospital admission (P = 0.011) were risk factors for nasal MRSA colonization. Comparison of hospital MRSA isolates with the colonization strains by staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) gene typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing revealed that, most MRSA strains carried in the community were SCCmec type IV and that most clinical hospital isolates were type III, while health care facility-related carriage isolates were mainly SCCmec type III and type IV. Two new variant SCCmec types were identified. Six clusters of PFGE patterns were distinguished: two mainly comprised health care facility-related MRSA strains, three mainly comprised community MRSA strains and one comprised mixed community and health care facility-related MRSA strains. In conclusion, a high prevalence of MRSA colonization was observed among people with no relationship to the hospital setting. The high level of multiple-drug resistance among community MRSA strains in association with the previously reported excessive use of antibiotics highlights the importance of the problem of antibiotic selective pressure. Our results indicate that, both the colonial spread of MRSA and the transmission of hospital isolates contribute to the high MRSA in the community.
Key words: Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistance, molecular subtyping.
Amal Al-Hazzani
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-006, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Influence of dietary thymol and carvacrol preparation and/or an organic acid blend on growth performance, digestive organs and intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens
Hasan Akyurek and Adem Yel
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey.
Accepted 07 January, 2019
Abstract
This experiment was designed to investigate the effects of supplementation with plant extract, either alone or in combination with an organic acid on growth performance, intestinal organ measurements and intestinal microbiology. One-day-old male Ross 308 strain broiler chicken (n=96) were allocated to 4 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. Dietary treatments were: (i) basal diet (as a control) (C), (ii) basal diet + organic acid mixture feed (OA), (iii) basal diet + plant extract (PE) and (iv) basal diet + organic acid mixture + plant extract feed (OA+PE). Body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not improved by supplementation of OA or PE to the diets. Proventriculus, gizzard, hearth, liver, pancreas, abdominal fat and bursa of Fabricious weights were not significantly affected by dietary treatments. OA and PE diets resulted in increased weight and length of duodenum, jejenum, ileum and caceum. However, differences between treatments were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Supplementation of organic acid has positive effect on ileal microbiology. In ileal digesta, LAB and yeast counts were significantly (P<0.001) increased for birds fed OA and PE, whereas Escherichia coli counts were significantly (P<0.001) decreased in OA group. In conclusion, as OA and PE supplementation had any positive effects on the performance. Ileum microflora of OA supplemented group changed for the benefit of non-pathogenic bacteria, probably due to the decrease in pH levels of ileum. E. coli count was found lower for OA treatment than the other groups. These results indicate that the OA can improve gut health. The products that researched show promising effects, however, further researchers may be useful to understand their effects better.
Key words: Broiler, plant extract, thymol, carvacrol, organic acid.
Hasan Akyurek, Adem Yel
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-009, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Screening and characterization of new potentially probiotic lactobacilli from breast-fed healthy babies in Pakistan
Muhammad Nawaz1, Juan Wang1, Aiping Zhou2, Chaofeng Ma1, Xiaokang Wu1 and Jiru Xu1*
1Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, Molecular Bacteriology Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061 P. R., China.
2Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Accepted 15 January, 2019
Abstract
Probiotic bacteria are used for the protection and improvement of human intestinal microflora with added health effects. In search of new probiotics, 61 lactobacilli isolates were screened for survival in acidic conditions and simulated gastrointestinal juices, tolerance to ox-gall and antimicrobial activity. Selected strains (NWS09, NWS11, NWS14, NWS19 and NWS29) were identified by sequencing their 16S rRNA gene and 16S-23S rRNA gene spacer region, and further characterized by the absence of transferable antibiotic resistance, adhesion to Caco-2 cells and survival in gastrointestinal tract of BALB/c gnotobiotic. NWS09 had transferable resistance to erythromycin conferred by erm(B) gene, while NWS14 was resistant to tetracycline. NWS29, identified as Lactobacillus fermentum showed remarkable tolerance to simulated gastrointestinal juices and bile and highest antimicrobial activity against 5 food borne pathogens by producing heat (100°C) and pH resistant bacteriocins. L. fermentum NWS29 was also found to be highly adhesive to human caco-2 cells in vitro as compared to NWS11 and NWS19 and was isolated in highest numbers from BALB/c gnotobiotic after 24, 48 and 72 h of orogastric inoculation. L. fermentum NWS29 was identified as a probiotic strain that can be incorporated in functional foods for human use.
Key words: Probiotic, Lactobacillus, acid and bile resistance, antimicrobial activity, Caco-2 cells.
Muhammad Nawaz, Juan Wang, Chaofeng Ma, Xiaokang Wu and Jiru Xu*, Aiping Zhou
Research Article
Prevalence of ıntestinal parasites in Bursa Province of Turkey
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-007, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Prevalence of ıntestinal parasites in Bursa Province of Turkey
Oktay Alver1*, Yasemin Heper2, lker Ercan3, Halis Akalın2 and Okan Töre1
1Department of Medical Microbiology, Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Gorukle, Bursa 16059, Turkey.
2Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Gorukle, Bursa 16059, Turkey.
3Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Gorukle, Bursa 16059, Turkey.
Accepted 10 January, 2019
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in relation to personal and environmental risk factors in Bursa province of Turkey and to compare wet mount + Lugol's iodine, formalin ethyl acetate concentration, trichrome staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) methods used in Entamoeba histolytica/ Entamoeba dispar diagnosis. For this purpose a total of 176 faecal samples from people were randomly collected from regions of the Bursa City Centre, where crowded families of low socio- economic levels reside. All faecal samples were examined by wet mount + Lugol's iodine formalin ethyl acetate concentration, trichrome staining methods and ELISA. 66 faecal samples were infected with one or more parasite species and the overall prevalence rate was 37.5%. Nine species of intestinal parasites, including six protozoon and three helminth species were found. The most prevalent species was Blastocystis hominis (17.04%) and others were found with the following frequencies: 9.09% Enterobius vermicularis, 7.38% Giardia intestinalis, 5.68% Entamoeba coli, 2.27% E. histolytica/E.dispar, 1.13 % Entamoeba hartmani, 1.13% Taenia spp., 0.56% Hymenolepis nana. 6.2% of examined samples had mixed infections. Overall prevalence of the detected parasites did not differ significantly in different demographic groups. Except for B. hominis and G. intestinalis, there was no evidence for sex, age and other demographic- related differences in the prevalence of these parasites. Statistically, B. hominis and G. intestinalis were higher in 20 to 49 and in 1 to 19 year age groups, respectively than in any other age group. Microscopical examination and ELISA revealed that one sample (0.5%) was found to be positive using all 4 methods, and 162 samples (92%) were found to be negative with all 4 methods applied. E. histolytica/E. dispar complex was detected in 0.56% (1); in 0.56% (1), in 0.56% (1) and in 2.27% (4) of the fecal samples examined by wet mount + Lugol's iodine, formalin ethyl acetate concentration, with trichrome staining, and ELISA respectively. The wet mount + Lugol's iodine, formalin ethyl acetate and trichrome staining methods had a sensitivity of 25% each, a specificity of 94.1, 99.4 and 98.2%, compared to the results of the E. histolytica/E. dispar ELISA, respectively.
Key words: Entamoeba histolytica/ Entamoeba dispar, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), intestinal parasites, microscopy, prevalence.
Yasemin Heper, Oktay Alver*, Halis Akalın and Okan Töre, lker Ercan
Research Article
Assesment of some microbiological and chemical properties of pismaniye sweet
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-004, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Assesment of some microbiological and chemical properties of pismaniye sweet
Lutfiye Yilmaz-Ersan1*, Arzu Akpinar-Bayizit1, Tulay Ozcan1, Oya Irmak Sahin2 and Pinar Aydinol3
1Department of Food Engineering, Uludag University, Gorukle 16059, Bursa, Turkey.
2Armutlu vocational school, Department of food processing, Yolova University, Armutlu, 77500, yalova, Turkey.
3Mustafakemalpasa Vocational schoo, Department of food Technology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey.
Accepted 15 January, 2019
Abstract
The objective of this research was to determine some microbiological and chemical properties of pismaniye sweet. A total of 47 plain and with cacao pismaniye samples were purchased from retail markets in the Marmara region, Turkey. Mean moisture, ash, fat and total sugar contents were found as 3.16 to 3.31, 0.18 to 0.23, 11.67 to 11.87 and 37.10 to 35.72%, for plain and with cacao, respectively. The microbial counts were in the range of 3.05 to 3.12 log cfu g-1 for total mesophilic aerobic bacteria (TMAB). 2.19 to 2.51 log cfu g-1 for yeast and mould, 0.17 to 0.59 log cfu g-1 for total Coliform group bacteria. It was observed that 51.06% of samples were contaminated by Staphylococcus types, 42.55% by Salmonella-Shigella and 10.64% by Escherichia coli. The microbiological findings showed the presence of high counts of microorganisms depending on poor sanitary practices due to empiric traditional manufacturing procedures.
Key words: Pismaniye sweet, quality characteristics.
Lutfiye Yilmaz-Ersan*, Oya Irmak Sahin and Pinar Aydinol, Arzu Akpinar-Bayizit, Tulay Ozcan