ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2012
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2012 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Immunoglobulin profile of some Nigerians with Schistosoma haematobium infection
O. P. G. Nmorsi1*, N. C. D. Ukwandu2, C. Isaac1, A. O. Egwunyenga3 and N. H. Olague1
1Tropical Diseases Research Unit, Department of Zoology, Ambrose Ali University, Ekpoma, Nigeria.
2Department of Medical Microbiology, Ambrose Ali University, Ekpoma, Nigeria.
3Department of Zoology, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria.
Accepted 13 May, 2012
Abstract
The preliminary investigation revealed the prevalence of 138(46.9%) out of 294 volunteers screened for the ova of Schistosoma haematobium in their urine samples. Of these, 84(28.6%) had light infection (50 ova/10 ml urine), while 54(18.4%) had heavy infection (> 50 ova/10 ml urine). This difference was statistically significant at ( 2 = 6.52, p > 0.05). The mean immunoglobulin status were as follow: IgE (2141.6 ± 143.7 ng/dL), IgG (13.6 ± 3.53 mg/dL), IgA (3.72 ± 0.149 mg/dL), IgM (2.82 ± 0.48 mg/dL) and IgD (0.12 ± 0.04 mg/dL) . The relationship between the IgM, IgE and the intensities of infection were positively correlated (r = 0.27 and r = 0.65, respectively) . IgG, IgA and IgD showed negative correlation with the intensities of infection (r = -0.65, r = -0.39 and r = - 0.18, respectively). IgG and IgA can be used as markers of light infection, while IgM and IgE can be used as markers for heavy infection. We deduced that the levels of IgG, IgA and IgM, which were depleted in the infected volunteers, compared to the control subjects, which lacked significant protective effects in these infected volunteers. These low levels of IgA, IgG and IgM and high level of IgE may be involved in maintenance of S. haematobium infection in our study area.
Key words: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM, Schistosoma haematobium, Nigerians
N. C. D. Ukwandu, A. O. Egwunyenga and N. H. Olague, C. Isaac, O. P. G. Nmorsi*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2012
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2012 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Potential commercialization of a microbial medium formulated from industrial food waste
Zvidzai C.* 1, Muzhinji N.1, Chidzvondo F.1, Mundembe R.2, and Sithole-Niang I.1
1Biochemistry Department, University of Zimbabwe, Box MP167, Mt. Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe.
2Bindura University of Science and Education, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe.
Accepted 31 April, 2012
Abstract
A microbial medium, designated DYSP medium, was produced from food wastes that included defatted soya, clear beer spent yeast, potato solid waste and opaque beer spent grains. Various combinations of the food wastes were used for the media formulations and evaluated for extent of supporting microbial growth of pure cultures. A 3.0 M sodium hydroxide hydrolysis followed by a neutralization process using concentrated hydrochloric acid has been established and standardized for the preparation of the medium. A dry pulverized medium was produced that could be reconstituted in distilled water (dH2O) without settleable solids.The formulated DYSP medium supported the growth of Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The composition of the medium was 35.45% protein, 5.7% nitrogen, 56.6% ash, 8.6% moisture and 0.012 mg/ml of total reducing sugar. The pH of the DYSP broth was 6.6 when reconstituted in distilled water. Traditional classical microbiological studies demonstrated that the test cultures could grow and retain normal phenotypic and morphological properties when cultured on the formulated medium.The DYSP medium containing ampicillin, isopropyl ß-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside and 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-ß-D-galactoside proved to be an equally alternative medium in molecular biology for selection and screening E. coli TG1 cells transformed with pUC18 plasmid. Other preliminary biotechnological results showed that the formulated medium could form a base for studying and optimizing the production of penicillin by P. chrysogenum.
Key words: Food wastes, chemical hydrolysis culturing medium, fermentation and molecular biology.
Zvidzai C.*, Chidzvondo F., and Sithole-Niang I., Mundembe R., Muzhinji N.
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2012
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2012 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus aureus from clinical isolates grown at37 and 44oC from Irrua, Nigeria
Obiazi H. A. K.1, Nmorsi, O. P. G.2, Ekundayo A.O.3 and Ukwandu N.C.D.4
1Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria.
2Tropical Diseases Research Unit, Department of Zoology, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria.
3Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria.
4Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria.
Accepted 8 February, 2012
Abstract
A survey of the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus aureus strains from clinical and skin isolates grown at 37 and 44oC respectively were carried out in Irrua Nigeria. Of the 240 different specimens, 50(20.8%) S. aureus isolates were reported. The highest carrier rate of S. aureus (48%) occurred in wound swab while the least (8.0%) was reported on the healthy skin of the volunteers. The susceptibility of the clinical isolates (10.4%) was lower than the isolates from the skin (36.7%) of the volunteers. This difference is statistically not significant (t = 2.087, P <0.075). The isolates were sus-ceptible to gentamycin (50.0%) erythromycin (40.0%) and streptomycin (30.0%) . The S. aureus isolated was resistant to cloxacillin, penicillin, ampicillin and tetracycline. In our studied area S. aureus could be effectively treated by gentamycin, erythromycin and streptomycin. The implication of resistance of the isolates to penicillin, ampicillin and the common antibiotics such as ampicillin are also highlighted.
Key words: Prevalence, Antibiotic susceptibility, Staphylococcus aureus, Clinical isolates, skin isolates, Nigeria.
Ekundayo A.O. and Ukwandu N.C.D., Nmorsi , O. P. G., Obiazi H. A. K
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2012
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2012 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
In vitro antibacterial activity of crude leaf extracts of Mangifera indica Linn
Doughari, J. H.* and Manzara, S.
Department of Microbiology, School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 2076; Yola, 640002. Adamawa State, Nigeria.
Accepted 20 March, 2011
Abstract
The active components of leaves of Mangifera indica L. were extracted using cold water and organic solvents (acetone and methanol) and were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenase, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aerugenosa, Proteus mirabilis, Salmonella typhi and Shigella flexnerri using the agar well (cup plate) diffusion method. Both the acetone and methanol extracts inhibited the growth of gram positive bacteria, with acetone extract exerting more activities on all the gram positive bacteria with zone of inhibition between 15 - 16 mm, and a gram negative bacterium S. typhi (14 mm) at 250 mg/ml. Whereas, water extract was not active on any of the bacterial pathogens tested at any of the concentration of the extract used. The activities of the plant extracts on the inhibited pathogens using the zone of inhibition were not as effective as the standard commercial antibacterial disks of gentamicin and erythromycin (t = 2.23, p < 0.05). Increased temperature (60 and 100°C for 1 h) had a multiplier effect on the activity of the extracts, but alkaline pH decreased the activity. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, glycosides, saponins and phenols. The MIC and MBC of the extracts was in the range of 12.5 - 75 and 25 - 175 mg/ml respectively. There is a basis for the traditional use of the plant as a local health remedy.
Key words: Antibacterial activity, MIC, MBC, gram-positive bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, Mangifera indica, extract.
S. , J. H.* and Manzara, Doughari
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2012
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2012 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Characterization of Clostridium perfringens field isolates, implicated in necrotic entritis outbreaks on private broiler farms in Cairo, by multiplex PCR
Effat, M. M1*; Abdallah, Y. A.2, Soheir, M. F.1, and Rady, M. M.3
1Microbiology and Immunology dept, National research centre, Giza, Egypt.
2Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Abbassia, Egypt.
3Poultry Diseases dept, National Research centre, Giza, Egypt.
Accepted 25 July 2012
Abstract
During the winter of 2006, outbreaks of severe entritis affected many broiler farms in the AL-Fayoum governorate, south of Cairo, Egypt. To identify the causative agent(s), bacterial isolates (14) from the diseased chickens were characterized phenotypically and biochemically. All isolates exhibited characteristics of Clostridium perfringens. Subsequently, molecular typing of the bacterial isolates was performed by multiplex PCR using four sets of primers specific for the genes encoding the C. perfringens , , and toxins, respectively. A single amplicon, corresponding in size to the alpha ( ) toxin-encoding gene (approximately 402 bp), was amplified from all the bacterial isolates. It was therefore concluded that only C. perfringens type A was responsible for the disease outbreaks.
Key words: Clostridium perfringens- necrotic entritis – broiler chicken – multiplex PCR.
M. F., and Rady, M. M*; Abdallah, M. M., Soheir , Y. A., Effat
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2012
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2012 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Phytochemical and antibacterial screening of Anogeissus leiocarpus against some microorganisms associated with infectious wounds
A. Mann*, Y. Yahaya, A. Banso and G. O. Ajayi
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, The Federal Polytechnic, P. M. B 55, Bida, Niger State. Nigeria.
Accepted 29 June, 2012
Abstract
Ethanolic extracts of the leaf, stem and root bark and the combination of the three parts of Anogeissus leiocarpus were investigated for in vitro antibacterial activity against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using agar diffusion techniques. The extracts of the plant parts showed higher antibacterial activity against S. aureus (15.80 ± 0.85) than other tested organisms. The plant parts generally were found to contain important bioactive substances such as glycosides, phenols, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, steroids, ellagic acids and anthraquinones. These agents may be responsible for the antibacterial activity of this plant.
Keywords: Anogeissus leiocarpus, clinical isolates, antibacterial activity, bioactive.
Y. Yahaya, A. Banso and G. O. Ajayi, A. Mann*
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