ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2010
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2010 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Interactions between multiple fungi isolated from two bark beetles, Dendroctonus brevicomis and Dendroctonus frontalis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Thomas S. Davis1, Richard W. Hofstetter1, Kier D. Klepzig2, Jeffrey T. Foster3 and Paul Keim3
1Northern Arizona University, School of Forestry, P. O. BOX 15018, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA, 86011.
2USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Pineville, Louisiana, USA.
3Center for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA.
Accepted 29 June, 2010
Abstract
Antagonism between the fungal symbionts of bark beetles may represent a biologically significant interaction when multiple beetle species co-occur in a host tree. Since high density bark beetle populations rapidly and dramatically shift forest characteristics, patterns of competition between the obligate fungal associates of sympatric bark beetle species may have broad ecological effects. Primary and competitive resource acquisition between allopatric and sympatric isolates of mutualist fungi associated with the bark beetles Dendroctonus frontalis and Dendroctonus brevicomis were investigated. Growth assays at multiple temperatures suggest that primary resource acquisition by fungi growing in the absence of competitors varies regionally, and that optimal growth rate is likely to correspond to average summertime maximum temperatures. In competition assays, interactions were asymmetric between fungi isolated from sympatric beetle populations and fungi isolated from allopatric beetle populations: sympatric isolates out-competed allopatric isolates. However, competition between fungi from beetle populations in sympatry was found to be equal. These studies are the first to investigate interactions between the mycangial fungi of multiple Dendroctonus species, and the results suggest that competition is likely to occur when the mycangial fungi of multiple beetle species occur together.
Key words: Allopatric, competition, coexistence, mutualism, mutualist, mycangial fungi, sympatric.
Thomas S. Davis, Jeffrey T. Foster and Paul Keim, Richard W. Hofstetter, Kier D. Klepzig
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2010
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2010 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Solid state fermentation of Jatropha curcas kernel cake: Proximate composition and antinutritional components
M. A. Belewu1* and R. Sam2
1Department of Animal Production, Microbial Biotechnology and Dairy Science Laboratory, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
2School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana.
Accepted 26 April, 2010
Abstract
Five fungi (Aspergillus niger, Penicillium chrysogenum, Rhizopus oligosporus, Rhizopus nigricans and Trichoderma longibrachitum) were used in the fermentation of Jatropha curcas kernel cake for a 7 days period in a completely randomized design model. The results revealed significant increase in the crude protein content of all the fungi treated samples with Aspergillus niger and T. longbrachitum treated cake recorded higher value compared to other treated samples. There was no significant difference in the crude fiber content among all the samples. With the exception of ether extract content of sample treated with Rhizopus nigricans which was similar to that of the control (untreated sample) other samples showed lower significant values than the untreated (control) sample. Contrarily, the ash content was significantly lower in the control sample compared to other fungi treated samples. The content of the trypsin inhibitor was highest (18.6 mg/kg) in the control but reduced significantly in the fungi treated samples (6.50 - 8.23). The lectin, saponins, phytate and phorbolester contents followed similar trend. It could be concluded from this study that solid state fermentation of Jatropha kernel cake detoxified and inactivate almost 100% of the antinutrient contents expect phorbolester to a tolerable level in the A. niger treated sample.
Key words: Jatropha curcas kernel cake, proximate composition, trypsin inhibitor, lectin, phytic acid, saponins, phorbolester.
M. A. Belewu*, R. Sam
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2010
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2010 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Studies on the mycoflora associated with sugarcane factory waste and pollution of River Nile in upper Egypt
A.H.M. El-Said1*, T. H. Sohair1 and A. G. El-Hadi2
1Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt.
2Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Az-Zawiyah University, Libya.
Accepted 24 February, 2010
Abstract
Sixty-nine species and four varieties which belong to twenty eight genera of terrestrial fungi were recovered from polluted and nonpolluted water and mud samples on glucose and cellulose-Czapek's agar at 28˚C. The most common species from the two substrates on the two types of media were Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum, Mycosphaerella tassiana and Penicillium chrysogenum. Twenty-six species belonging to 14 genera were isolated from polluted (26 species and 14 genera) and nonpolluted (17 and 10) mud samples on sabouraud’s dextrose agar at 28°C. The most prevalent species were Acremonium retiulum, Alternaria alternata, A. flavus, Aphanoascus fulvescens, Aspergillus terreus, Aphanoascus sp., Penicillium funiculosum and Stachybotrys chartarum.
Key words: Pollution, River Nile, terrestrial fungi and keratinophilic fungi.
A.H.M. El-Said*, T. H. Sohair and A. G. El-Hadi
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2010
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2010 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Antifungal activity of extracts obtained from actinomycetes
Harpreet Sharma and Leena Parihar*
Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara-144402 Punjab, India.
Accepted 7 January, 2010.
Abstract
In the present investigation an attempt has been done on isolation of actinomycetes from the soil, extracting the antifungal compounds from these isolated actinomycetes and then testing the extract against the growth of Alternaria sps, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium sps, and Rhizopus stolonifer. During the investigation it was found that nearly all the extracts were effective against the test fungi and the mycelial growth of fungi is inversely proportional to the concentration of extract.
Key words: Antifungal activity, actinomycetes extracts, plant pathogenic fungi.
Harpreet Sharma, Leena Parihar*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2009
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2009 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A novel antifungal phenolic compound from Parrotia persica
M. Ahanjan1, M. P. Raghavendra 2,3 and K. A. Raveesha2*
1Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
2Herbal Drug Technology Laboratory, Department of Studies in Botany, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore-570 006, Karnataka, India.
3Maharani’s Science College for Women, Mysore- 570 008, Karanataka.
Accepted 18 May, 2009
Abstract
Aqueous and methanol extracts of Parrotia persica leaves were assayed for antifungal activity against phytopathogenic Fusarium oxysporum and human pathogenic Candida albicans by poisoned food technique. Both the aqueous and methanol extracts demonstrated significant antifungal activity. Further fractionation of methanol extract guided by antifungal activity resulted in the isolation of an active principle and it is identified as phenolic compound. The structure of the active principle was elucidated by mass spectroscopy, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. These results revealed that the compound is 6-(ethoxymethyl)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2, 3, 4, 5-tetraol compound with 1- isopropyl-4-methoxybenzene, the compound was found responsible for antifungal activity against both F. oxysporum and C. albicans.
Key words: Parrotia persica, phenolic compound, antifungal activity.
M. Ahanjan, M. P. Raghavendra and K. A. Raveesha*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2009
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2009 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Recent advances in the characterization of peptidyl transferase center: zero-distance labeling of proteins at or near the catalytic site of human 80S or Escherichia coli 70S ribosomes by means of periodate-oxidized tRNA
Soria Baouz1, Anne Woisard1, Lila Chenoune1, Gustave Aguié1, Gérard Keith1, Jean-Marie Schmitter2, Jean-Pierre Le Caer3 and Codjo Hountondji1*
1UPMC Univ Paris 06, Equipe de Photobiologie Moléculaire, Tour 42 (5ème Etage, couloir 42-32), Case Courrier 60, 2 place Jussieu, F-75251 Paris Cedex 05, France.
2Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie (CNRS FRE 2247), F-33607, Pessac, France.
3CNRS-UPR 2301, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles (ICSN), Avenue de la Terrasse, F-91198 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France.
Accepted 12 August, 2009
Abstract
Periodate-oxidized tRNA (tRNAox), the 2’,3’-dialdehyde derivative of tRNA, was used as a zero-length active site-directed affinity labeling reagent, to covalently label proteins at the peptidyl transferase center (PTC), the catalytic site of the large ribosomal subunit. When human 80S or Escherichia coli 70S ribosomes were reacted separately with tRNAox positioned at the P-site, in the presence of an appropriate 12 mer mRNA, a set of two tRNAox- labeled ribosomal proteins was observed. These proteins referred to in this work as rPox1 and rPox2 exhibited comparable physico-chemical properties including apparent molecular weights. In the case of human 80S ribosome, the protein present in the major labeled tRNA- rPox1 covalent complex was identified as the 60S ribosomal protein L36a-like (RPL36AL) by mass spectrometry. The molecular weight of the minor labeled tRNA-rPox2 covalent complex was estimated from the data of the 1-D SDS-PAGE, and a deduced molecular weight of 34,000+ 2,000 Da for the ribosomal protein referred to as rPox2 designated protein RPL5 as the candidate minor labeled protein of human 80S ribosome. Search for candidate ribosomal proteins for the tRNAox-labeled proteins rPox1 and rPox2 of 70S ribosome from E. coli designated RPL2 (M.W. 29,860 Da), the largest eubacterial rP as the tRNAox-labeled protein corresponding to the minor labeled human RPL5, and RPL15 (M.W. 14,980 Da) or RPL16 (M.W. 15,281 Da) as corresponding to the major labeled human RPL36AL.
Key words: Human 80S or E. coli 70S ribosomes, peptidyl transferase center, human RPL36AL, RPL5/P-site or A-site tRNA, periodate-oxidized tRNA.
Gustave Aguié, Soria Baouz, Jean-Marie Schmitter, Lila Chenoune, Gérard Keith, Anne Woisard, Jean-Pierre Le Caer3 and Codjo Hountondji*
Page: 1 - 10