ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Aerobic composting of water lettuce for preparation of phosphorus enriched organic manure
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-010, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Aerobic composting of water lettuce for preparation of phosphorus enriched organic manure
Sadia Kanwal1*, Shazia Iram1, Matiullah Khan2 and Iftikhar Ahmad2
1Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
2Pakistan Agricultural Research Council, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Accepted 19 January, 2019
Abstract
In this study, rock phosphate (RP- compost) enriched composts were prepared by mixing rock phosphate with water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) with and without effective microbes. The treatment comprised of four types and includes control plant material (water lettuce), water lettuce and rock phosphate (WL+RP), water lettuce, rock phosphate, effective microorganisms (WL+RP+EM) and water lettuce, rock phosphate, effective microorganisms and urea (WL+RP+EM+Urea). The present investigation indicates that the nutrients availability was enhanced in the compost with the time span. RP-compost had higher total and available P than normal compost. Inoculation with effective microorganisms increased total P, available P and other nutrient contents in the compost like N, K, Zn and B. The trend of pH shows the production of organic acids in the compost was in the ascending order in the initial days, and it was descending after 45 days. Electrical conductivity (EC) of the compost increase with the time span which shows the availability of the nutrients. The soluble phosphorus was decreased in the initial days of the composting while trend became ascending after 45 days of the composting. The trend of the nitrogen release was similar to the phosphorus, but the released nitrogen remained below the content in the control. The trend of available P in the treatments remained as it was decreasing in the control but the availability of the phosphorus was increased in the other treatments particularly in the treatment where WL, RP, EM and urea was applied. This treatment was recorded as P enriched compost, because carbon to nitrogen ratio was also stabilized in this treatment. Thus, RP enriched compost could be an alternative and viable technology to utilize both low grade RPs and re-use water lettuce plant efficiently.
Key words: Compost, rock phosphate, water lettuce, effective microbes, urea.
Matiullah Khan and Iftikhar Ahmad, Shazia Iram, Sadia Kanwal*
Research Article
Haematological parameters in blood of maedi-visna virus-infected and uninfected sheep
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-004, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Haematological parameters in blood of maedi-visna virus-infected and uninfected sheep
Serkal Gazyagci1*, Ahmet Kursat Azkur2, and Muhammet Eren Aslan2
1Kirikkale University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, TR-71450 Kirikkale, Türkiye.
2Kirikkale University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Microbiology, TR-71450 Kirikkale, Türkiye.
Accepted 19 January, 2019
Abstract
The maedi-visna virus (MVV) classified as a lentivirus of the retroviridae family, causes a very common economically important disease in sheep, in many parts of the worlds. Presences of the infection in Turkey have been shown by researches in previous studies. In this study all blood samples were examined by ELISA and PCR to detect MVV antibody and antigen responses, respectively. Hematological findings were monitored and comparing antibody and antigen positive naturally infected (n= 5), antibody positive and antigen negative (n=20), antibody and antigen negative (n=20) in sheep was done. When infected sheep were compared with control sheep, Hgb and MPV parameters were shown statistically different (P 0.001). These findings suggested that MVV infections should be considered as an important health risk for sheep flock and Hgb and MPV blood parameters may be helpful to diagnosis of MVV.
Key words: ELISA, hematology, lentivirus, PCR, sheep.
Serkal Gazyagci*, Ahmet Kursat Azkur and Muhammet Eren Aslan
Research Article
Effect of jujube extract on oxidative injury in heart muscles of exhausted training rats
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-004, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effect of jujube extract on oxidative injury in heart muscles of exhausted training rats
Sun Liang1 and Jiang Juan2*
1Physical Education Institute of Jilin Normal University, China.
2Wushu Institute of Shenyang Sport University, China.
Accepted 10 February, 2019
Abstract
Jujube is an important plant in traditional Chinese medicine and is recommended for the treatment of some diseases such as tumors and cardiovascular disease related to the production of radical species resulting from oxidative stress. The objective of this study was to investigate effect of jujube extract on oxidative injury in heart muscles of exhausted training rats. Four groups of animals were studied: (a) sedentary control (n = 8); (b) vehicle-treated control (n = 8); (c) low dose of jujube extract-treated rats (n =8); (d) high dose of jujube extract-treated rats (n = 8). Jujube extract-treated rats were orally given 100 or 300 mg/kg body weight jujube extract for 30 days, respectively. Then, all the rats (except for sedentary rats) were submitted twice to 15-min swimming bouts on two different days. Results showed that jujube extract could reduce heart lipid peroxidation level and Bax expression, increase heart antioxidant enzymes activities and Bcl-2 expression, and improve heart function.
Key words: Exhausted training, rat, jujube, oxidative.
Jiang Juan*, Sun Liang
Research Article
Trends of sudden wilt syndrome in sesame plots irrigated with delayed intervals
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-005, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Trends of sudden wilt syndrome in sesame plots irrigated with delayed intervals
Hamit Kavak1* and Erkan Boydak2
1Plant Protection Department, Agricultural Faculty, University of Harran 633192 anliurfa, Turkey.
2Department of Field Crops, Agricultural Faculty, Bingöl University, 1300 Bingöl, Turkey.
Accepted 19 January, 2019
Abstract
In this work, sudden wilt syndrome in sesame was investigated during varying irrigation treatments. For the four irrigation intervals numbers of infected plants and infected rows were determined in experiments conducted during growing periods. The resulting data were transformed to percent values and regressed against the irrigation intervals. The correlations between the rates of infected plants and irrigation intervals and between the rates of infected rows and irrigation intervals were assessed separately in replicate and total plots following testing. Positive increases were observed for both categories within total plots. The correlations for the two years were r2 = 0.86 and r2 = 0.85 for the wilted plant category, and r2 = 0.99 and r2 = 1 for the infected row category. Fusariım oxysporum fsp sesame and Macrophomina phaseolina were two of the parasitic pathogens isolated from samples. In addition, parasitic pathogens were not isolated from some of the samples that displayed sudden wilt symptoms. Depending on delays in irrigation within irrigated crops grown in drought and hot regions, sudden wilt syndrome of sesame may increase. The causes of sudden wilt syndrome appear to be parasitic pathogens, drought stress, or the combined effect of both.
Key words: Sesame, irrigation intervals, sudden wilt.
Hamit Kavak*, Erkan Boydak
Review
Effects of UV irradiation on plants
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-007, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Review
Effects of UV irradiation on plants
Eissa Piri1, Mahdi Babaeian2*, Abolfazl Tavassoli2 and Yasser Esmaeilian2
1Departmant of Agriculture, Payame noor University, P. O. Box 19395-4697, Tehran, I. R. of Iran.
2Department of Agriculture, Shirvan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shirvan, Iran.
Accepted 19 January, 2019
Abstract
Global change will definitely introduce changes in agricultural ecosystems that will affect plant productivity. However, the effects on plants will be different for each region depending on the pre-existing climatic conditions and the adaptation potential of local cultivated species. The solar energy from the sun is essential to support the life on our plant, via the process of photosynthesis. However a small proportion of solar spectrum contains short-wavelength ultraviolet-B light (280 to 320 nm), which is deleterious to life. The depletion of stratospheric ozone layer by manmade pollution has substantially increased UV-B light impinging on the earth surface. UV-B affects living organisms by damaging cellular metabolism in several ways, such as dimmers formation in the genetic material DNA, disruption of membrane structure, inactivation of enzymes and generation of highly reactive free radicals. Elevated UV exposure also causes temporary or irreversible damage to the process of photosynthesis. Therefore, increased UV-B radiation would affect the stability of ecosystems and genetic health of living organisms. Many species of plants have evolved mechanisms for protection against deleterious effects of UV-B radiation. Accumulation of the UV-B absorbing pigments such as flavonoids is one of the ways by which plants alleviate the harmful effects of UV-B light.
Key words: Global change, agriculture, UV radiation, absorbing compounds.
Eissa Piri, Abolfazl Tavassoli and Yasser Esmaeilian, Mahdi Babaeian*
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-007, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Biochemical and molecular characterization of hemolytic Bacillus licheniformis strains isolated from shrimp and clam aquacultures
Nermeen A. ElSersy1* and Eman A. H. Mohamed2
1National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Microbiology laboratory, Environmental Division, Alexandria, Egypt.
2Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Egypt.
Accepted 15 January, 2019
Abstract
A polyphasic approach was used to discriminate among the significantly hemolytic and closely related Bacillus licheniformis strains, NE-1, NE-2 and NE-3. Utilization of the API 20E kit revealed that B. licheniformis NE-1 is unique in its ability to utilize sorbitol as a sole carbon source, whereas B. licheniformis NE-2 is an exceptional in L-arabinose utilization. The phylogenetic analysis using the 16S rDNA 5´end revealed a strong relatedness to B. licheniformis strains found in the GenBank with a similarity percentage ranging from 97 to 99. Moreover, the partial sequences was successfully differentiated among the novel strains. The plasmid pattern is almost the same for the strains and plasmid curing using acridine orange showed no effect on the hemolytic activity of them.
Key words: Bacillus licheniformis, aquacultures, hemolytic activity, plasmids, 16S rDNA.
Eman A. H. Mohamed, Nermeen A. ElSersy*