ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Emergence of extensive drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in North of Jordan
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-005, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Emergence of extensive drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in North of Jordan
Ghulam N. Dhabaan1, Hamimah H1 and M. A. Shorman2*
1Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
2King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudia Arabia.
Accepted 10 January, 2019
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Acinetobacter baumannii and the contribution of the insertion sequence upstream of ampC -lactamase on the susceptibility profile of 64 A. baumannii clinical isolates collected from a Jordan hospital. A total of 64 consecutive clinical isolates of A. baumannii were recovered (between March 2005 and December 2006) at the King Abdullah University Hospital (KAUH). The antimicrobial susceptibility profile against 11 different antibiotics was determined by disk diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of these antibiotics against all isolates was determined using Etest. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening was carried out to identify the presence of ampC gene and its adjacent insertion sequence. A. baumannii showed high resistance profile to -lactam antibiotics (cefotaxime 92.2%, cefuroxime 98.4%, ceftazidime 89.1%) and ciprofloxacin 89.1%. imipenem and meropenem showed increased resistant rates (70.1 and 71.6%, respectively) with nearly half of the isolates being resistant to amikacin (52.5%). All isolates were susceptible to colistin. AmpC gene was detected in all isolates and only -lactam including carbapenems and -lactamase inhibitor resistant isolates were found to carry the IS-AmpC gene. Our present study confirms the essential role of the insertion sequence which could represent a gene regulatory system, able to regulate various genes in A. baumannii. Finally, inappropriate infection control measures and inaccurate antibiotic usage are highly potential factors that might increase the prevalence and spread of antibiotic resistant A. baumannii isolates.
Key words: Acinetobacter baumannii, Antimicrobial susceptibility, IS-AmpC
Ghulam N. Dhabaan, Hamimah H and M. A. Shorman*
Research Article
Isolation and characterization of Acinetobacter sp. ND12 capable of degrading nicotine
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-006, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Isolation and characterization of Acinetobacter sp. ND12 capable of degrading nicotine
Hongjuan Li1, Yanqing Duan2, Guanghui Ma1, Liping Lei3, Ke-Qin Zhang1 and Jinkui Yang1*
1Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R., China.
2Technology Centre of Hongyun Honghe Tobacco (Group) Co, Ltd., Kunming 650202, P. R., China.
3Tobacco Agricultural Science Institute of Yunnan Province, Yuxi 653100, P. R., China.
Accepted 19 January, 2019
Abstract
A bacterium strain ND12, was isolated from the tobacco plantation soil and identified as Acinetobacter sp. based on its morphology, physiology, and 16S rRNA gene sequence. The isolate could utilize nicotine as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen, and completely degrade 1.0 g/L nicotine within 14 h at 28°C and pH 6.0. The optimum nicotine concentration for the growth of strain ND12 was 2.5 g/L. Strain ND12 grew at a broader pH range than other reported nicotine-degrading bacteria and showed higher nicotine-degrading activity than those bacteria at acidic environment (pH 4.0). The resting cells of Acinetobacter sp. ND12 could decompose 90% of the nicotine in upper tobacco leaves after treating for 11 h. Moreover, the nicotine metabolites of strain ND12 were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and compared with Arthrobacter sp. HJ2-3 and Pseudomonas sp. Nic22. Our results suggested that strain ND12 could be useful for reducing nicotine concentration in nicotine-polluted environments and tobacco wastes.
Key words: Nicotine, biodegradation, Acinetobacter sp. ND12, resting cells, tobacco leaves.
Liping Lei, Hongjuan Li, Ke-Qin Zhang and Jinkui Yang*, Guanghui Ma, Yanqing Duan
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-012, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Physiological studies of cellulase complex enzymes of Aspergillus oryzae and characterization of carboxymethyl cellulase
Ghada A. Youssef
Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science Alexandria University, Egypt. E-mail: [email protected] Tel: +20145574211. Fax: +2033911794.
Accepted 19 January, 2019
Abstract
Investigation of the production of cellulase complex enzymes by the fungus Aspergillus oryzae on soluble bio- cellulosic waste like cheese whey was the goal of this work. The effects of incubation period, substrate concentration, initial pH and temperature on the production of endoglucanase, exoglucanase and cellulase (filter paper activity FPA) activities, were investigated. Seven days incubation period with an initial pH value of 6 and temperature of 40°C, and cheese whey concentration of 10% yielded the highest specific activities with 1.5 fold increases for endoglucanase and 1.4 fold increases for exoglucanase. Cellulase specific activity represented as FPA showed no fold increase at all. The optimum temperature of endoglucanase was observed at 55°C, and the enzyme activity has abroad pH range between 3.8 to 8.0 and 24.91% of the original activity was retained after heat treatment at 90°C for 30 min. Analysis of the partial purified enzyme preparation by SDS – PAGE revealed one protein band showing cellulolytic activity, The molecular weight of this band was estimated to be around 45.000 Daltons.
Key words: Cellulolytic enzymes, Aspergillus oryzae, cheese whey, dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS), fermentation variables.
Ghada A. Youssef
Research Article
Evaluation of gastric ulcer model based on gray-scale image analysis
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-006, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Evaluation of gastric ulcer model based on gray-scale image analysis
Wang Shuai1, Bao Yong-rui1, Diao Yun-Peng2, Meng Xian-Sheng1* and Kang Ting-Guo1
1College of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian 116600, Liaoning, P. R. China.
2College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, P. R. China.
Accepted 10 January, 2019
Abstract
Absolute alcohol, stress, pyloric ligation and others are well-rounded experimental gastric ulcer models widely used to evaluate the anti-ulcer activity of drugs (Wang et al., 2007; Zhang et al., 2007; Huang et al., 2004; Oyagi et al., 2010). In the model evaluation process, ulcer index is a more important indicator. So in this experiment, the absolute alcohol gastric ulcer model is taken as an example to discuss a model of gastric ulcer index, which can be used as a new method to calculate the reduction of the systematic errors that exist in the experiment. The oral ethanol approach was used to establish an absolute alcohol gastric ulcer model, and impose certain medication, while traditional methods and the establishment of grayscale image analysis methods were used for calculating its ulcer index respectively, before comparing the differences between the two methods. Grayscale image analysis methods and traditional methods have significant correlation (r = 0.819, P＜0.01) and similarity (r = 0.951). A grayscale image analysis method not only proves to be a more scientific approach to measure rat gastric ulcer area, but also provide a new method to evaluate drug efficacy to some extent.
Key words: Gastric ulcer, ulcer index, gray-scale image analysis, image J.
Diao Yun-Peng, Bao Yong-rui, Wang Shuai, Meng Xian-Sheng* and Kang Ting-Guo
Research Article
Comparison of cELISA and IFA tests in the serodiagnosis of anaplasmosis in cattle
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-004, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Comparison of cELISA and IFA tests in the serodiagnosis of anaplasmosis in cattle
Ozlem Derinbay Ekici* and Ferda Sevinc
Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey.
Accepted 10 January, 2019
Abstract
This study was performed to compare indirect fluorescence antibody (IFA) test with competitive ELISA (cELISA) for detection of antibodies to Anaplasma marginale in cattle. In this study, a total of 484 cattle were examined on farms that had a positive history of anaplasmosis. Thin blood smears were prepared from each examined cattle and the cELISA and IFA tests were performed. Samples in which the results of microscopic examination and cELISA were compatible were used as a “gold standard” to define sensitivity and specificity of IFA test and these were used to give “real diagnosis”. According to the test result; 62 of 69 samples found positive in “real diagnosis” were positive in IFA test, and all of the 187 samples that were negative in the real diagnosis were defined as negative in IFA test. When compared to gold standard the sensitivity and specificity of the IFA test were 88.95 and 100%, respectively. In conclusion, both IFA and cELISA tests can be used in the diagnosis of A. marginale.
Key words: Anaplasma marginale, IFA test, cELISA.
Ferda Sevinc, Ozlem Derinbay Ekici*
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-006, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Streptomyces sannurensis sp. nov., a new alkaliphilic member of the genus Streptomyces isolated from Wadi Sannur in Egypt
Wael N. Hozzein1,2*, Mohammed I. A. Ali3, Ola Hammouda2, Ahmed S. Mousa2 and Michael Goodfellow4
1Chair of Advanced Proteomics and Cytomics Research, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
2Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
3Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
4School of Biology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
Accepted 19 January, 2019
Abstract
The taxonomic position of an actinomycete isolated from a soil sample collected from Wadi Sannur in Egypt was established using a polyphasic approach. The isolate, which was designated WS 51T, was shown to have chemical and morphological properties typical of streptomycetes. An almost complete 16S rDNAgene sequence of the strain was generated and compared with corresponding sequences of representative streptomycetes. The resultant data confirmed the classification of the strain in the genus Streptomyces but also showed that it formed a distinct phyletic line within the 16S rDNAStreptomyces gene tree. The organism was most closely associated to the type strains of Streptomyces hygroscopicus, Streptomyces malaysiensis and Streptomyces yatensis but was readily separated from them using a range of phenotypic properties. It is proposed that strain WS 51T (= CCTCC 001032T = DSM 41834T) be classified in the genus Streptomyces as Streptomyces sannurensis sp. nov.
Key words: Streptomyces sannurensis sp. nov., polyphasic taxonomy, alkaliphilic streptomycete.
Wael N. Hozzein*, Ola Hammouda, Mohammed I. A. Ali, Ahmed S. Mousa and Michael Goodfellow