ISSN 2736-1756
Short Communication
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-003, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
A study on comparative pharmacological efficacy of Berberis lycium and penicillin G
Ihtisham Bukhari1*, Mukhtiar Hassan1, Fida M. Abbasi1, Ghulam Mujtaba2, Nasir Mahmood3, Noshin1, Anees Fatima1, Muhammad Afzal1, Mujaddad Ur Rehman1, Farzana Perveen1 and M. Tariq Khan1
1Hazara University, Garden Campus Mansehra Pakistan.
2PCR labs INMOL Lahore, Pakistan.
3Department of Allied Health sciences, University of Health sciences Lahore, Pakistan.
Accepted 04 January, 2019
Abstract
The importance of medicinal plants in traditional healthcare practices provides opportunity to new areas of research. However, information on the uses of plants for medicine is lacking from many interior areas of District Mansehra. Keeping this in view, the present study was initiated. This study attempts to shade lights on the comparative pharmacological efficacy of Berberis lycium (medicinal plant) and drug penicillin G. The pharmacological activities of both the B. lycium and penicillin G were determined by disc diffusion method with incubation period of 24 to 48 h at 37°C. It was observed that, B. lycium showed excellent activity against the tested microorganism, Escherichia coli and Proteus (80 to 100%) and good activities against the tested microorganisms pseudomonas and staphylococcus (60 to 70%). While penicillin G showed excellent activity against all tested microorganisms. It is recommended that, B. lycium can be used for the treatment of diseases caused by tested microorganisms because of its excellent and good activity. It is also observed that, B. lycium do not have any adverse effect on those people who have this in long practice.
Key words: Berberis lycium, penicillin G, disc diffusion, pharmacological activity.
Ghulam Mujtaba, Mukhtiar Hassan, Ihtisham Bukhari*, Fida M. Abbasi, Farzana Perveen and M. Tariq Khan, Anees Fatima, Nasir Mahmood, Mujaddad Ur Rehman, Muhammad Afzal, Noshin
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Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-006, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi Glomus mosseae on characteristics of leaf development of Paeonia suffruticosa under salt stress
Guo Shaoxia1,2* Han Tingting2 and Liu Runjin1
1Institute of Mycorrhizal Biotechnology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao Shandong Province 266109, China.
2College of Garden and Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao Shandong Province 266109, China.
Accepted 08 January, 2019
Abstract
The effects of Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on the characteristics of leaf development of Paeonia suffruticosa at different levels of salt stress (0, 8, 16 and 24%) were studied. Potted ‘Feng Dan’ seedlings were inoculated with Glomus mosseae, and the non-inoculated was used as the control. The results showed that under salt stress leaf relative water content, sclerophyllous index of leaves and leaf succulence level of P. suffruticosa seedlings inoculated with G. mosseae were significantly higher than those of non-inoculated seedling, and specific leaf area was significantly lower than that of the control. Leaf water loss rate of the non-inoculated peony was faster, the percentage of water loss in the total amount of water each time point is the highest. These results suggest that G. mosseae may play an important role in the leaf traits and enhanced salt tolerance of tree peony seedlings.
Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, characteristics of leaf development, Paeonia suffruticosa, salt stress.
Guo Shaoxia* Han Tingting, Liu Runjin
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Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-008, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Degradation of purine ribonucleosides by extracts of Penicillium viridicatum
Ali M. Elshafei*, Latifa A. Mohamed and Mohamed M. Hassan
Department of Microbial Chemistry, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
Accepted 12 January, 2019
Abstract
Cell-free extracts of nitrate-grown Penicillium viridicatum could catalyze the hydrolytic cleavage of N-glycosidic bond of adenosine, guanosine and inosine to the corresponding base and ribose by a ribonucleoside hydrolase; however, there is no evidence for the degradation of these compounds through phosphorylation. The rate of hydrolysis of the three ribonucleosides was in the order inosine> guanosine> adenosine. It was proven that adenosine hydrolyzing enzyme is not associated with the cell membrane. Maximum enzyme activity was observed at pH 4 and 50°C. Heat inactivation kinetics and the effect of the nature of the buffer on enzyme activity revealed that, the cleavage of the three purine ribonucleosides is affected by one intracellular nucleoside hydrolase. It was proven experimentally that, all the metal ions tested had a remarkable inhibitory effect on the activity of the ribonucleoside hydrolase. Results obtained indicate that extracts of P. viridicatum catalyzed the conversion of guanosine into guanine and ribose by a nucleoside hydrolase and the resulting guanine was then deaminated to xanthine by an inducible guanine deaminase. In addition, xanthosine was not split into ribose and xanthine by the same extracts under the same experimental conditions and even at different pH values of the reaction mixture.
Key words: Purine ribonucleosides, adenosine, guanosine, inosine, hydrolase, Penicillium viridicatum.
Ali M. Elshafei*, Latifa A. Mohamed and Mohamed M. Hassan
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Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Recombinant matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE) can promote mineralization in vitro
Ai Lin1, Wang Huiyuan2*, Hu Hua3, Liu Yanqing4, Ma Tiehua1 and Zhai Jingyun1
1Department of Stomatology, People’s Liberation Army No. 12 hosipital, Kuonabazha road 13, Kashi, 844200, China.
2Department of Stomatology, People’s Liberation Army No. 323 hosipital, Jianshe West Road 66, Xi’an, 710048, China.
3Department of Institution, People’s Liberation Army No. 12 hosipital, Kuonabazha road 13, Kashi, 844200, China.
4Out-patient Department, People’s Liberation Army No. 12 hosipital, Kuonabazha road 13, Kashi, 844200, China.
Accepted 17 January, 2019
Abstract
The matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE) gene is highly expressed in tumors that cause oncogenic hypophosphatemic osteomalacia (OHO). MEPE is also known as one of the bone-tooth matrix proteins and is associated with bone and teeth mineralization. We developed a rabbit polyclonal antibody directed against recombinant human MEPE after cloning its cDNA from the cDNA library of a human brain cDNA library. Using this anti-body, we analyzed the distribution of MEPE in dog dental germ tissue by immunohistochemistry. In these specimens, MEPE was predominantly expressed by odontoblast cells and predentin, but not by dental pulp cells. Furthermore we used von kossa staining. And the results suggested that MEPE could induce mineralization and we propose that this protein has a potential effect on dental rehabilitation.
Key words: Matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein, mineralization Von kossa.
Ai Lin, Liu Yanqing, Ma Tiehua and Zhai Jingyun, Hu Hua, Wang Huiyuan*
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Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-009, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
The response of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi under water stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000
Hai-han Zhang1, Ming Tang2* and Yan Yang1
1College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
2College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
Accepted 07 December, 2010
Abstract
The growth models, diameter growth rates and biomass yield of three ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, Suillus tomentosus (Kauff.) Sing. Snell and Dick, Suillus laricinus (Berk.in Hook.) O. Kuntze and Aminita vaginata (Bull.: Fr.) Vitt., were investigated under water stress induced by polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG-6000) in pure culture. The results showed that the growth models of the three ectomycorrhizal fungi were not significantly affected by water stress, but the growth rates and biomass were changed. Lower water stress (-0.15 MPa) could stimulate the growth of three ectomycorrhizal fungi, but greater water stress restricted growth, and inhibitory effect became greater with the increasing water stress from -0.30 to -1.37 MPa. Their drought resistance was ordered by S. laricinus>S. tomentosus>A. vaginata. With the increasing water stress ( -0.02 ~ -0.73 MPa), the contents of gibberellin (GA) and auxin (IAA) in mycelium reduced from 26.53 to 0 g g -1 and 180.98 to 0 g g-1 respectively. S. laricinus accumulated the most (184.36 g g-1) abscisic acid (ABA) at -0.30 MPa; when water stress was beyond the tolerance of S. laricinus (-0.49 MPa); however, it inhibited the accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA).
Key words: Abscisic acid, ectomycorrhizal fungus, phytohormone, water stress.
Ming Tang* and Yan Yang, Hai-han Zhang
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Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research ISSN 2241-9837 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-010, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Cloning, codon-optimized expression and homology modeling of structural protein VP1 from foot and mouth disease virus
Xin-sheng Liu, Yong-lu Wang*, Yong-guang Zhang, Yu-zhen Fang, Li Pan, Jian-liang Lü, Peng Zhou, Zhong-wang Zhang, Cheng Qi-wei, Gang Wang, Ji-wei Wang, Hui Lou and Shou-tian Jiang
State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046,China.
Accepted 17 January, 2019
Abstract
Structural protein VP1 of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the most frequently studied protein due to its significant roles in virus attachment, protective immunity, and serotype specificity. The coding sequence of VP1was amplified and then identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. To achieve high-level expression of VP1 protein, we optimized VP1 gene base on Escherichia coli preferred codons and synthesized the optimized gene. The synthetical gene was cloned into the fusion expression vector pET-28a and expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3). After induced with Isopropyl -D-1-Thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) and optimized the conditions of expression, the VP1 fusion protein was highly expressed and identified in inclusion bodies by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Based on the primary and secondary structure analysis of VP1, Three-dimensional structure of VP1 was developed by homology modeling methods. The validation of 3-D structure was done with the help of PROCHECK encompassing amino acid residues in the most favored region of almost all strains. Potential epitopes of VP1 was predicted with different methods. In this study, the VP1 protein was expressed in E. coli efficiently and highly purified VP1 was obtained, which laid a foundation of refolding and further study on activity of the protein. The VP1 model in the productive conformation can now be used for structure-based design purposes as well as structure-function relation of VP1 protein.
Key words: Foot-and-mouth disease virus, VP1 protein, codon optimization, homology modeling.
Yong-guang Zhang, Peng Zhou, Yong-lu Wang*, Zhong-wang Zhang, Gang Wang, Ji-wei Wang, Xin-sheng Liu, Cheng Qi-wei, Hui Lou and Shou-tian Jiang, Yu-zhen Fang, Li Pan, Jian-liang Lü
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