ISSN 2736-1756
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2015
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2015 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Screening of Actinomycete strains for the production of antifungal metabolites
A. Kavitha1, M. Vijayalakshmi1*, P. Sudhakar2 and G. Narasimha3
1Department of Botany and Microbiology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur – 522 510, A. P., India.
2Centre for Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur – 522 510, A. P., India.
3Department of Virology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, A.P., India.
Accepted 22 June, 2014
Abstract
4 different actinomycete strains (A1, A2, A3 and A4) were isolated from the laterite soil samples of Guntur region. Growth pattern and antifungal profiles of the strains were evaluated against the test fungi such as Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans and Fusarium oxysporum. Based on the cultural, morphological and physiological characteristics, the strains A1, A2 and A4 were identified as the species of Streptomyces while the strain A3 was assigned to Nocardia. Among the 4 tested strains, Streptomyces sp. A1 showed strong antifungal activity which may provide a potent source for antifungal metabolites.
Key words: Actinomycetes, Streptomyces, Nocardia, antimicrobial activity.
M. Vijayalakshmi*, A. Kavitha, P. Sudhakar and G. Narasimha
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2015
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2015 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Degradation of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) by bacterial isolates from cultivated and uncultivated soil
Kinuthia Mwangi, Hamadi I. Boga*, Anne W. Muigai, Ciira Kiiyukia and Muniru K. Tsanuo
1Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, P.O. Box 62000 (00200) Nairobi, Kenya.
Accepted 3 December, 2014
Abstract
The re-introduction of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) to control mosquitos was recommended by the World Health Organization in 2007. In this study, the potential for biodegradation of DDT by soil microorganisms through enrichment and isolation of DDT biodegraders from soils without a history of prior exposure to DDT was done. Microorganisms from cultivated and uncultivated soils grew in minimal media with DDT (100 ppm) as the only carbon source. Six bacteria coded as isolates 101, 102, 103, 104, 105 and 110 degraded DDT to l, l-dichloro-2, 2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDD). None of the isolates degraded DDT into l, l- dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl) ethylene (DDE). Degradation by the mixed culture of the six isolates was higher (82.63%) than that of any individual isolates whose range was 28.48 - 58.08%. The identity of the isolates was determined through biochemical, morphological, physiological and molecular techniques. Isolate 101 was a member of the genus Bacillus; isolates 102 and 110 belonged to the genus Staphylococcus while isolates 103, 104 and 105 clustered with members of the genus Stenotrophomonas. This study showed that there are microorganisms in the soil that can degrade DDT and that the rate of degradation is dependent on the presence and numbers of microbes in the soil with the required degradative ability, environmental factors and access of the microbes to DDT.
Key words: DDT, biodegradation, bacterial isolates, phylogenetic analysis.
Ciira Kiiyukia and Muniru K. Tsanuo, Anne W. Muigai, Kinuthia Mwangi, Hamadi I. Boga*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2015
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2015 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Microbiological assay of the active component of ampicillin in ampicillin and ampicillin/cloxacillin suspensions using Bacillus megatharium NCTC 10342A76 as indicator organism
Udobi Chinweizu Ejikeme* and Onaolapo Josiah Ademola
College of Science and Technology, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna, Nigeria.
Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
Accepted 19 August, 2014
Abstract
51 different samples from 5 different manufacturers of ampicillin and ampicillin/cloxacillin suspensions were tested for their levels of active components of ampicillin using the microbiological assay method. Bacillus megathariumNCTC10342A76 was selected from amongst a wide range of organisms screened for this purpose because of its detected suitability. Thin layer chromatography and infra red spectrophotometric analysis confirmed the presence of ampicillin in all the samples and the results obtained showed that the percentage ampicillin content ranged from 57 - 162. Products of MAN-A07 had ampicillin levels less than that recommended by the reference books while one batch from MAN A06 had ampicillin levels higher than the recommended levels. This work is discussed in the context of the proliferation and misuse of ampicillin especially for children.
Key words: Microbiological assay, Bacillus megatharium, ampicillin, cloxacillin, chromatography.
Onaolapo Josiah Ademola, Udobi Chinweizu Ejikeme*
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2015
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2015 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Isolation of diverse bacterial species associated with maedi-visna infection of sheep in Ethiopia
Legesse Garedew1, Gelagay Ayelet2, Roman Yilma3, Aschalew Zeleke2 and Esayas Gelaye2*
1Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gondar University, P. O. Box 196, Gondar, Ethiopia. 2National Veterinary Institute, P. O. Box: 19, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia.
3Debre Birhan Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box: 112, Debre Birhan, Ethiopia.
Accepted 19 October, 2014
Abstract
Bacterial species associated with maedi-visna (MV) infection and occurrence of respiratory disease complex (RDC) in sheep in the cool central highlands of Ethiopia was investigated. Of the 80 sheep examined, 61.25% (n= 49) were found to be MV seropositive and 38.75% (n= 31) were MV seronegative. At post -mortem examination, out of the 49 MV seropositive sheep, 75.51% (n= 37) showed pneumonic lesions in the lungs and a further 23 (74.19%) seronegative sheep were also found pneumonic. Overall, 87.5% (n= 70) of the lungs were culture positive and no bacteria were isolated from 12.5% (n= 10) of the lung samples. The majority of the bacterial species were isolated from grossly pneumonic lungs (75.71%, n= 94) and MV seropositive sheep (62.3%, n= 71). Of the total 114 bacteria isolated, 63 were gram-positive and 51 were gram -negative. Almost all gram -negative isolates (96.08%, n= 49) were recovered from pneumonic lungs. The bacterial isolates were classified into 18 genera and 23 species, some of which are known pathogens and some are opportunists. Involvement of diverse microbial groups in the development of RDC in the study area is discussed.
Key words: Diverse bacteria, Ethiopia, maedi-visna, pneumonia, sheep.
Gelagay Ayelet, Aschalew Zeleke and Esayas Gelaye*, Legesse Garedew, Roman Yilma
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2015
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2015 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Cloning and phylogenetic analysis of bovine leukemia virus gag gene in Iranian isolate
Hassan Momtaz
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University of Shahrekord branch, Shahrekord, Iran. P. O. Box.166. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: 0098 381 3361083.
Accepted 22 December, 2014
Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is a member of the family Retroviridae, genus Deltaretrovirus that has three important gene including gag, pol and env. This virus causes B-cell lymphocytosis and lymphosarcoma in cows. In the first step PCR product of gag gene of BLV isolated in different regions of Iran and BLV-FLK strain was cloned into a pTZ57R/T vector, then insert were digested by BglII and XhoI restriction enzymes and cloned into pET-28(a) as an expression vector. Analysis of the partial bovine leukemia virus (BLV) virus gag gene sequences obtained from insert and was carried out. The Iranian BLV gag sequence was compared to five other corresponding sequences of BLV isolated in different countries. Nucleotide analyzing of the sequences were shown a variation of 1 - 8.7% and constructing phylogenetic tree revealed two clusters in it. First cluster included New York, Maryland, Japan and Iranian sample, second cluster included Australian and Argentina strains. Iranian isolates were significantly identical to European and American isolates.
Key words: Bovine leukemia virus, p24 protein, pTZ57R/T vector, pET-28(a) vector, phylogenetic analysis.
Hassan Momtaz
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2015
Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr
© 2015 International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Comparative studies on the efficacy of neem, basil leaf extracts and synthetic insecticide, lambda-cyhalothrin, against Podagrica spp. on okra
Ahmed Oladimeji* and Musa Abdulrasak Kannike
1Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Agriculture University of Ilorin, P. M. B 1515 Ilorin, Nigeria.
Accepted 7 July, 2014
Abstract
The efficacy of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss), basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) leaf extracts and lambda-cyhalothrin were compared at three levels of concentration against flea beetle, Podagrica spp. (Jac.) in okra. The leaf extracts were applied at 5, 10 and 20 ml per litre while lambda-cyhalothrin was applied at 2.5, 3.75 and 5.0 ml per litre. Distilled water only served as control. In this study, treatment of okra plant with the synthetic insecticide and the leaf extracts against Podagrica spp. using hand spray significantly suppressed (P < 0.05) insect population, reduced leaf damage and enhanced dry pod yield. The treated okra plants performed significantly better (P < 0.05) than the control. Percentage reduction in leaf damage ranged between 21 - 43% in O. basilicum, 50 - 54% in Azadirachta indica and 72 - 81% in lambda-cyhalothrin compared with the control. There was significant linear negative relationship between dry pod yield and surface area of leaf damaged by the insect (0.001 < P > 0.01).
Key words: Botanical insecticide, Azadirachta indica, Ocimum basilicum, synthetic insecticide, Abelmoschus esculentus, flea beetle.
Ahmed Oladimeji*, Musa Abdulrasak Kannike
Page: 1 - 10