Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017

Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr

© 2017 International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Efficacy of defatted soy flour supplement in Gulabjamun

Awadhesh Kumar Singh¹, Dattatreya Mahadev Kadam²*, Mili Saxena³ and R. P. Singh⁴

¹Department of Process and Food Engineering, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana-141004, Punjab, India.

²Food Grains and Oilseeds Processing Division, Central Institute of Post-Harvest Engineering and Technology, PO: PAU, Ludhiana-141004, Punjab, India

Accepted 2 February, 2017

Abstract

Study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of defatted soyflour mix levels in Gulabjamun (sweet dessert comprised of fried milk balls dipped in sugar syrup) and its impact on the quality parameters. Soy flour was fortified in three levels (3.33, 6.66 and 9.99%) w/w to prepare different compositions of Gulabjamuns by replacing wheat-flour in control recipe. 10 g spherical shape balls were made using thoroughly mixed ingredients dough and these were deep -fried in oil before soaking in sugar syrup (50°Brix for 4 h) at 70°C. Standard methods were used to estimate protein and crude fat content in Gulabjamun. Significant effect of raw premixes, prior to sugar syrup dipping, was observed due to addition of defatted soy flour on protein and fat content. Protein content was decreased to 18.24% from 20.66% and fat content increased to 28.36 from 12.09% in deep-fried samples from raw premix. Hardness, cohesiveness, springiness/elasticity, gumminess and chewiness values were increased with the increase in the soy flour levels. Appearance, colour, texture, flavour and overall acceptability of the Gulabjamuns had improved with the addition of 3.33% soy flour and decreased there after.

Key words: Fat, fortification, Gulabjamun, protein, sensory attributes, soy flour, TPA.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017

Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr

© 2017 International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Antisickling property of Carica papaya leaf extract

N.  O. A. Imaga¹*, G. O. Gbenle¹, V. I. Okochi¹, S. O. Akanbi¹, S. O. Edeoghon¹, O.  V. Oigbochie¹, M. O. Kehinde² and S. B. Bamiro³

¹Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P. M. B. 12003, Idi-Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria.

²Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P. M. B. 12003, Idi-Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria.

³Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, P. M. B. 12003, Idi-Araba, Lagos State, Nigeria.

Accepted 10 February, 2017

Abstract

Sickle cell disease (SCD) results from a mutation in the hemoglobin inside the red blood cells, where a glutamic acid at position 6 is replaced by a valine. Many phytomedicines have been identified as potential antisickling agents, stemming from reported usage as ethnomedicines by the local folk. This research examined methanolic leaf extracts of Carica papaya L. (Caricaceae) for possible in vitro antisickling and membrane-stabilizing activities involving the use of positive (p-hydroxybenzoic acid 5 mg/ml) and negative (normal saline) controls for the antisickling experiments and osmotic fragility test on Hb^ss red blood cells obtained from non- crisis state sickle cell patients. Fragiliograms indicated that the plant extract reduced hemolysis and protected erythrocyte membrane integrity under osmotic stress conditions. Pretreatment of SS cell suspensions with C. papaya leaf extract inhibited formation of sickle cells under severe hypoxia, with only 0 - 5% sickle cells at 40 min compared with untreated SS cell suspensions which had over 60% sickle cells. These results indicate the feasibility of C. papaya as an attractive potential candidate for SCD therapy.

Key words: Antisickling, membrane-stabilizing, sickle cell disease, erythrocyte fragility, Carica papaya, toxicity profile.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017

Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr

© 2017 International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Modulation of di- (2- ethylhexyl) phthalate induced hepatic toxicity by Apium graveolens L. seeds extract in rats

G. C. Jain,* Hemant Pareek, B. S. Khajja, Kusum Jain, S. Jhalani, S. Agarwal and Sameer Sharma

Reproductive Physiology Section, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur - 302004, India.

Accepted 27 April, 2017

Abstract

In the present study, the hepatoprotective activity of methanolic extract of Apium graveolens L. (celery) seeds was tested against Di-(2- ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Oral administration of DEHP (1000 mg/kg b.wt/day) for 6 weeks in rats caused a significant increase in the levels of serum marker enzymes like serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatases (ALP) and the levels of total bilirubin and hepatic lipid peroxidation (TBARS). The levels of serum protein, hepatic glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid were decreased, administration of A. graveolens seeds extract (300 mg/kg b.wt./day p.o.) for 6 weeks results in a significant recovery of these biochemical parameters toward normalcy compared with the DEPC treated and control rats.

Key words: Apium graveolens, hepatic toxicity, di-(2- ethylhexyl) phthalate, hepatic marker enzymes.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017

Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr

© 2017 International Scholars Journals

Short Communication

Direct ex vivo effects of herbal extracts on serum bilirubin in neonatal blood samples

Seyed Hessamedin Nabavizadeh¹, Ozair-bin Majid² and Amir Anushiravani²*

¹Department of Pediatrics Allergy and Immunology, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Iran.

²Department of Pediatrics, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

Accepted 18 May, 2017

Abstract

Herbal drug therapy is a common practice adopted in traditional and alternative medicine and has been used in the treatment of neonatal jaundice or hyperbilirubinemia from ancient times. This is done with the help of different herbal extracts and using different treatment methods. The knowledge of new possibilities and the fact that herbal drugs have been used in some communities for a long time, clarifies the importance of studying herbal drugs. Herbal drug therapies are used commonly which amplifies the need to evaluate the efficacy of these drugs. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of commonly used herbal drugs in neonatal jaundice, through in vitro techniques. In this study 0.5 cc (50 µg/ml) of different herbal extracts such as Chi corium intybus, Fumaria parviflora, Zizyphus jujuba and Alhagi pseudoalhgi, Purgative manna which were obtained through hydrochloric instillation and were added to 1 cc of neonatal serum with hyperbilirubinemia. Then the level of bilirubin was checked by diazo blank method. Among all of the herbal extracts, only Chi corium intybus demonstrated a lowering effect on indirect serum bilirubin. Although Chi corium intybus showed lower levels than the control group, but statistically there was no significant difference in direct bilirubin levels between these groups. Herbal drugs can decrease the bilirubin level through different mechanisms, such as increasing the activity of liver enzymes and decreasing the enterohepatic circulation. But the extract of the herb Chi corium intybus imposes its affect directly on bilirubin. Therefore further investigation is needed in order to separate the active agent in chi corium intybus.

Key words: Hyperbilirubinemia, Fumaria parviflora, Zizyphus jujuba, Chi corium intybus, Alhagi pseudoalhagi, Purgative manna.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017

Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr

© 2017 International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Purification of human serum paraoxonase: A simple and rapid method

A. J. Mahadesh Prasad*, K. Kemparaju, Elizabeth A. Frank and Cletus J. M. D’Souza

Department of Biochemistry Manasagangotri, University of Mysore, Mysore-570006, India.

Accepted 10 March, 2017

Abstract

Paraoxonase/arylesterases (EC.3.1.8.2) is an enzyme found tightly associated with high density lipoprotein particle in serum. Because of its unique enzyme activity, antioxidant property and its role as an anti atherosclerotic molecule, various methods are used for its purification from human serum. Methods involved in its purification are elaborate and complicated. Also the yield and final activity are highly variable. Here, we report a 2 step method of purification involving affinity chromatography on cibacron blue sepharose followed by gel filtration on sephadex G50.The final preparation was 27.7 fold purified compared with the serum and gave a single band in SDS-PAGE by silver staining.

Key words: Cibacron blue sepharose, paraoxonase, phenyl acetate, SDS-PAGE, silver staining.

Advanced Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 2017

Available online at http://internationalscholarsjournals.org/journal/ajmr

© 2017 International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effects of ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of Landolphia owariensis on the serum lipid profile of rats

Nwangwu Spencer C.^1*, Ike Francisca¹, Olley Misan², Oke James M.³, Uhunmwangho Esosa¹, Amegor, O. F.⁴ Ubaoji Kingsley⁵ and Nwangwu Udoka⁵

¹Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Igbinedion University, P. M. B. 0006, Okada, Nigeria.

²Pathology Department, Igbinedion University Teaching Hospital, P. M. B. 0006, Okada, Nigeria.

³College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Igbinedion University, P. M. B. 0006, Okada, Nigeria.

⁴Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Igbinedion University, P. M. B. 0006, Okada, Nigeria.

⁵Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka, Nigeria.

Accepted 20 March, 2017

Abstract

The lipid profile of normal adult male rats administered both ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of Landolphia owariensis (P. Beauv) were determined. The animals were distributed into two sets of four groups with five animals in each group. Each set had one group, which served as control while the other three groups in the two sets were administered different concentrations of the ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts. The control groups were administered normal saline and the other groups’ 100, 200 and 300 mgkg^-1 of the ethanolic and aqueous extracts respectively, twice daily for two weeks. The Total cholesterol (TC), Triacylglyceride (TAG), High Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol (HDL-C), Low Density Lipoprotein- Cholesterol (LDL -C), and Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) levels were determined in both sets by colorimetric methods. The ethanolic extract showed a marked reduction of 87.45% in LDL -C level with the 100 mgkg^-1 dose, though effect of all the three concentrations were significant but depreciated with increase in concentration. Animals administered both the extracts at all three concentrations increased in their HDL-C levels, but effect was pronounced in 100 and 200 mgkg^-1 with 15 and 150% increases respectively, in the aqueous extract group. There were dose-dependent reductions of TC levels, with the 100, 200 and 300 mgkg^-1 with reduction of 40.78, 37.59 and 34.56% respectively, in ethanolic extracts. There were 50.55 and 55.33% reduction in 100 and 200 mgkg^-1 of the aqueous extracts on TAG level. The results are indicative of the hypocholesterolaemic potentials of L. owariensis leaf extracts.

Key words: Aqueous extract, ethanolic extract, Hypocholesterolaemia, Landolphia owariensis.