International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 9 (11), pp. 001-006, November, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Pharmacognostical and phytochemical investigations of Moringa concanensis (Moringaceae) an ethno medicine of Nilgiris

V. Ravichandran¹*, G. Arunachalam², N.Subramanian³ and B.Suresh⁴

¹School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vels University, Chennai- 600 035, Tamilnadu, India.

²PGP College of Pharmaceutical Science and Research Institute, NH-7, Namakkal - Karur Main Road, Namakkal - 637207, Tamilnadu, India.

³Bharathidasan Institute of Technology, Anna University Tiruchrappalli, Tiruchirappalli - 620 024, Tamilnadu, India.

⁴JSS University, Karnataka, Mysore, India.

Accepted 20 July, 2020

Abstract

The plant Moringa concanensis Nimmo is a tree belongs to family Moringaceae locally known as Kattumurungai by tribal peoples of Nilgiris hill region in Tamilnadu. In view of its medicinal importance and taxonomic confusion, pharmacognostic studies, microscopical structure, morphological characters, chemical analysis and numerical values in epidermal study were carried out to supplement the necessary information for the systematic identification and authentication of this plant, as per WHO guidelines. Pharmacognostical and preliminary phytochemical investigations of this plant were carried out and reported.

Key words: Moringa concanensis, moringaceae, microscopical characters pharmacognostical investigations, phytochemical studies.

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 9 (11), pp. 001-006, November, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Antioxidant potential of aqueous leaf extract of Ageratum conyzoides Linn. in diabetic rats

Nyunaï Nyemb^{1, 2}*, Manguelle-Dicoum Biyong Adèle¹, Njifutié Njikam² and Abdennebi El Hassane³

¹Centre de Recherches Médicales, Institut de Recherches Médicales et d’Etudes des Plantes Médicinales, B. P. 3805 Yaoundé, Cameroun.

²Faculté des sciences, Université de Yaoundé 1, B. P. 812 Yaoundé, Cameroun.

³Département des Sciences Biologiques et Pharmaceutiques Vétérinaires, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, B. P. 6202, Rabat-Instituts, Maroc.

Accepted 07 September, 2020

Abstract

The antioxidant activity of aqueous extract of leaves of Ageratum conyzoides (AC) in the serum of male diabetic rats was evaluated using Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assays, by determination of malonadehydes, lipid hydroperoxydes and protein thiol groups. The plant extract was tested at doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg on diabetic rats during three weeks of treatment; glibenclamide (10 mg/kg) was used as positive control. Glycaemia of diabetic rats was also determined, at the beginning and at the end of the experimentation. The results showed that A. conyzoides did not have an incidence in serum protein thiols and serum malonaldehydes level. Nevertheless, the aqueous extract induced lowering of lipid hydroperoxides in the groups treated with 100 mg/kg (p 0.01) and 200 mg/kg (p 0.01) when compared to the negative control group. Power (FRAP) was also higher in the 100 mg/kg group. In addition, glycaemia was decreased at the ferric reducing antioxidant the third week in the group receiving 200 mg/kg (p 0.01) and 300 mg/kg (p 0.01). A. conyzoides had a positive effect on the oxidation-reduction system on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats and improved glycaemia of diabetic rats.

Keys words: Ageratum conyzoides, antioxidant, antihyperglycemic, streptozotocin, diabetic rats.

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 9 (11), pp. 001-005, November, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Immunomodulatory activity of fruits of Randia dumetorum Lamk

K. L. Satpute¹, M. M. Jadhav¹, R. S. Karodi¹, Y. S. Katare¹, M. J. Patil ²*, Rukhsana Rub³ and A. R. Bafna¹

¹Department of Pharmacognosy, Pad. Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune-411 018 (India).

²Department of Pharmacognosy, Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s College of Pharmacy, Kalewadi (Thergaon), Pune-411 017 (India).

³Department of Pharmacognosy, M.C.E. Society’s Allana College of Pharmacy Camp, Pune – 411001 (India).

Accepted 19 August, 2020

Abstract

Randia dumetorum Lamk., a plant widely used in the traditional medicinal systems of India, has been reported to possess antiviral, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities. In present study, the attempt was made to screen immunomodulatory activity of methanol extract and its petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol fraction of fruits of R. dumetorum. The effects of R. dumetorum on cell mediated and humoral components of the immune system in mice were observed. Administration of chloroform fraction at dose 100 mg/kg produced statistically significant results as evidenced by increase in humoral antibody (HA) titre (p < 0.05), delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response (p < 0.001).This fraction also enhanced the total WBC level in cyclophosphamide induced mylosuppression model (p < 0.001) at dose 100 mg/kg. Petroleum ether fraction and methanol fraction affected only cell mediated immunity. Present study, therefore reveals that drug holds promise as immunomodulatory agent.

Key words: Randia dumetorum Lamk, immunomodulatory, humoral immunity, delayed type hypersensitivity, myelosuppression.

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 9 (10), pp. 001-004, October, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effects of aqueous leaf extract of Cajanus cajan on litter size and serum progesterone in pregnant rats

Luqman Aribidesi Olayaki¹*, Ibiyemi Olatunji-Bello⁴, Ayodele Olufemi Soladoye¹, Olusegun Rabiu Jimoh², Olaide Ghazal² and Martins Ighodalo³

¹Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.

²Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.

³Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.

⁴Department of Physiology, Lagos State University, Lagos, Nigeria.

Accepted 28 July, 2020

Abstract

Aqueous leaf extract of Cajanus cajan is consumed by pregnant women in our locality. However, its effect on pregnancy has not been studied. C. cajan is known to contain genistein and diadzein which are potent phytoestrogens. We studied the effect of aqueous leaf extract of C. cajan on litter size and serum progesterone in pregnant rats. Oral administration of C. cajan on timed-pregnant rats increased litter size from 7.2 ± 1.1 in the control gorup to 10.1 ± 1.5 (p < 0.01) and 10.6 ± 0.8 (p < 0.003) in 100 and 200 mg/kg respectively. Serum progesterone increased from 98.6 ± 3.5 ng/ml in the control group to 112.4 ± 5.3 ng/ml (p < 0.003) and 114.2 ± 3.7 ng/ml (p < 0.002) in the 100 and 200 mg/kg treated groups respectively. There was reduction in litter weight from 6.93 ± 0.2 g in the control group to 4.60 ± 0.3 g (p< 0.0002) and 4.40 ± 0.1 g (p < 0.0003) in the 100 and 200 mg/kg treated groups respectively. There was no statistical significant difference in the litter weight among the treated groups. Aqueous extract of C. cajan caused reduced maternal weight gain in the treated group compared to the control. Maternal weight gain reduced from 62.4 ± 3.4 g in the control to 58.9 ± 2.8 g (p = 0.053) and 57.6 ± 3.1g (p < 0.05) in the 100 and 200 mg/kg treated groups respectively. There was no statistical significant difference in the litter weight among the treated groups. In conclusion, oral administration of aqueous leaf extract of C. cajan increases litter size and plasma progesterone in pregnant rats.

Key words: Cajanus cajan, litter size, serum progesterone.

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 9 (10), pp. 001-007, October, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Formulation of health drinks using natural sweetener, its HPTLC method development and validation

S. B. Bhise and V. R. Salunkhe*

Govt. College of Pharmacy, Vidyanagar, Tal. Karad, Satara- 415 124, Maharashtra, India.

Accepted 16 June, 2020

Abstract

Ashwagandha, Tulsi, Mulethi, Awala, Shatavari, Gokharu, Arjun, Giloy, Safed musli, Kalimirchi, Haldi, Jaiphal was used as an active ingredients and aqueous extract of Stevia rebaudiana as natural sweetener with nutraceutical in health dinks. The product was developed by treating concentrates of each crude drug with purified water. TLC profile, HPTLC method development and validation were carried out using Gallic acid as a standard. A new simple, sensitive, selective, precise and robust HPTLC method for analysis of Gallic acid in health drink was developed. Precoated silica health drink aluminium plate 60F-254 (20 × 10 cm) with 200 µm thickness was used as stationary phase while toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid: ethanol (6: 4: 0.3: 0.4) system was developed as a mobile phase. Spectrum analysis showed the same Rf values and spectrum pattern of standard and sample. The method was validated by using accuracy, precision, linearity, robustness, ruggedness and recovery as applicable parameters. The developed method was quite good and most sensitive for the present products. The unpleasant and bitter taste of the product was masked by different concentrations of aqueous extract of Stevia. Sweetness potency was determined by taste evaluation method. 1% Stevia extract is sufficient to produce most palatable and acceptable sweet preparation.

Key words: Formulation, TLC profile, HPTLC method development, validation, gallic acid, health drinks, Stevia rebaudiana.

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 9 (10), pp. 001-013, October, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Phytochemical and phytotherapeutic evaluation of Mallotus peltatus (Geist.) Muell. Arg. var acuminatus and Alstonia macrophylla wall ex A. DC: Two ethno medicine of Andaman Islands, India

G. Arunachalam¹*, Paromita Bag² and D.Chattopadhyay²

¹PGP College of Pharmaceutical Science and Research Institute, NH-7, Namakkal - Karur Main Road, Namakkal - 637207, Tamilnadu, India.

²ICMR Virus Unit, I.D. and B.G. Hospital, GB 4, First Floor, 57 Dr. Suresh C. Banerjee Road, Kolkata-700010, India.

Accepted 22 June, 2020

Abstract

We have evaluated the phytochemical and bioactive nature of the leaves of Mallotus peltatus (Geist.) Muell. Arg. var acuminatus and Alstonia macrophylla Wall ex A. DC, the two major ethno medicines of the Onge, Nicobarese and other tribes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, on the Bay of Bengal, India. Three major compounds were isolated from the polar fractions of the methanol extracts of A. macrophylla leaf namely β-sitosterol (fraction A), ursolic acid (fraction B) and β-sitosterol β-D-glucoside (fraction C), along with a minor fraction containing alkaloid and fatty acids. On the other hand polar fractions of methanol extract of M. peltatus leaf yielded two major compounds, ursolic acid (fraction A) and β-sitosterol (fraction B), along with a minor fraction containing fatty acids. The earlier studies reveal that both the extracts have antibacterial, antiinflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic activities, but the present study showed that the activities are due to fractions A and B of both the plants. Moreover, the extracts of both the plants had significant dose dependent antiinflammatory and antioxidant activity at nontoxic concentrations. It can be thus concluded that the terpenoid and - sitosterol, along with other minor constituent of the bioactive parts had a dose dependent therapeutic efficacy, justifying their use. However, further study can help to elucidate their mechanism of action.

Key words: Ethnomedicine, Alstonia macrophylla, Mallotus peltatus, pharmacology and phytochemistry, antibacterial, antioxidant, antiinflammatory activity.