ISSN 2326-7267
Research Article
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 8 (1), pp. 001-004, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A meta analysis of prevalence rate of hypertension in Nigerian populations
Obinna Ikechukwu Ekwunife and Cletus Nze Aguwa
Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria.
Accepted 13 November, 2018
Abstract
This study aimed at synthesizing population-based studies on prevalence of hypertension in Nigeria from 1990 to 2009. General databases and subject-specific databases were searched for primary studies. Manuscripts of appropriate studies were retrieved. Based on some criteria, only eligible studies were included in the study. A total of 9 studies all from South-West region of Nigeria that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were retrieved. Prevalence of hypertension ranged from a minimum of 12.4% to a maximum of 34.8%. Combined prevalence rate of hypertension was 22% and with 95% confidence interval of 17 to 27%. There was also gender difference with respect to prevalence of hypertension as males had higher prevalence of hypertension compared to females. This study showed that prevalence of hypertension is high in Nigeria. There is a need to develop strategies to prevent, treat, and control hypertension effectively in Nigeria.
Key words: Hypertension, prevalence, epidemiology, meta analysis.
Obinna Ikechukwu Ekwunife, Cletus Nze Aguwa
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 7 (12), pp. 001-006, December, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effect of camel milk on collagen abnormalities in streptozotocin-diabetic rats
Khalid S. Al-Numair, Govindasamy Chandramohan* and Mohammed A. Alsaif
Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P. O. Box 10219, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia.
Accepted 25 July, 2018
Abstract
Non-enzymatic glycation of proteins, leading to chemical modification and cross-linking are of importance in the pathology of diabetic complications. In our early reported we showed that, camel milk possesses antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and exhibit beneficial role on membrane-bound ATPases in streptozotocin-diabetic rats after 45 days of treatment of camel milk at the optimum dose of 250 ml/day. In the present study, the effect of camel milk on the glycation and cross-linking of collagen from tail tendon of streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in adult male albino rats of the Wistar strain, weighing 180 to 200 g, by administration of streptozotocin (STZ) (40 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. The animals were randomly divided into five groups of six animals each. Rats of groups II and IV were fed 250 ml of raw camel milk daily through watering bottle instead of water. Whereas animals in groups I, III and V were given tap water, and rats of group V were given 600 µg/kg body weight of glibenclamide orally, once in a day in the morning for 45 days. The levels of hydroxylproline and total collagen content elevated in the tail tendon of the diabetic control. The levels of extent of glycation and fluorescence of collagen increased while decreased levels of acid, neutral and pepsin soluble collagens were observed in the tail tendon of diabetic rats. These changes were alleviated by the simultaneous ingestion of camel milk. Our results demonstrate that intake of camel milk has a positive influence on tail tendon collagen glycation and other variables in STZ-diabetic rats and its effect was comparable with glibenclamide.
Key words: Camel milk, glycation, collagen, streptozotocin, diabetes.
Khalid S. Al-Numair, Govindasamy Chandramohan* and Mohammed A. Alsaif
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 7 (12), pp. 001-008, December, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Rapid and simultaneous determination of aspirin and dipyridamole in pharmaceutical formulations by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method
K. Prakash1, Rama Rao Kalakuntla2,3* and Jayapal Reddy Sama4
1SN Vanitha Mahavidyalaya Pharmacy College for Women, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.
2Sree Dattha Institute of Pharmacy, Sheriguda, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India.
3Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India.
4Department of Animal Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, India.
Accepted 08 August, 2018
Abstract
The combination of Dipyridamole and Aspirin and is widely used to reduce thrombosis in patients with thrombotic diseases. A rapid, simple, precise and cost effective and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of Aspirin and Dipyridamole in pharmaceutical formulations. Separation of both Aspirin and Dipyridamole was achieved within 5 min with required resolution, accuracy and precision thus enabling the utility of the method for routine analysis. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a waters symmetry C18 3.5 µm, 50 x 4.6 mm using a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% ortho phosphoric acid and acetonitrile in the ratio of 75:25 at a flow rate of 1.0 ml per minute. The detection was made at 227 nm and the retention time of Aspirin and Dipyridamole were1.5 and 2.8 minutes respectively. The method was found linear over the range of 4 to 80 µg/ml for Dipyridamole and 0.5 to 10 µg/ml for Aspirin.
Key words: Aspirin, Dipyridamole, high performance liquid chromatography.
K. Prakash, Rama Rao Kalakuntla* and Jayapal Reddy Sama
Page: 1 - 8
Research Article
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 7 (12), pp. 001-009, December, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Andrographolide induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in PC-3 prostate cancer cells
Hui Chyn Wong1, Sreenivasa Rao Sagineedu1, Nordin Haji Lajis1, Seng Cheong Loke2 and Johnson Stanslas1,3*
1Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
2Institute of Gerontology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
3Pharmacotherapeutics Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Accepted 09 August, 2018
Abstract
Andrographolide (AGP), the major phytoconstituent isolated from Andrographis paniculata was found to exhibit growth inhibition and cytotoxicity against the hormone-independent (PC-3 and DU-145) and hormone-dependent (LNCaP) prostate cancer cell lines via the microculture tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Due to its greater cytotoxic potency and selectivity towards PC-3 cells, flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle distribution of control and treated PC-3 cells whereas Annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry analysis was carried out to confirm apoptosis induced by AGP in PC-3 cells. Cell cycle and apoptotic regulatory proteins were determined by western blot analysis. AGP was found to induce G2/M cell cycle arrest which led to predominantly apoptotic mode of cell death. Mechanistically, AGP was found to downregulate CDK1 without affecting the levels of CDK4 and cyclin D1. Induction of apoptosis was associated with an increase in activation and expression of caspase 8 which then is believed to have induced cleavage of Bid into tBid. In addition, activation and enhancement of executioner caspase 9 and Bax proteins without affecting Bcl-2 protein levels were observed.
Key words: Andrographolide, prostate cancer, cell cycle, cyclin-dependent kinases, apoptosis, caspase 8, caspase 9, Bcl-2 family.
Seng Cheong Loke and Johnson Stanslas*, Sreenivasa Rao Sagineedu, Hui Chyn Wong, Nordin Haji Lajis
Page: 1 - 9
Research Article
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 7 (12), pp. 001-004, December, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
L-Arginine abolishes the anxiolytic-like effect of withaferin A in the elevated plus-maze test in rats
Zaved Ahmed Khan* and Asit Ranjan Ghosh
Medical Biotechnology Division, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore-632014, TN, India.
Accepted 25 October, 2018
Abstract
The involvement of nitrergic mechanisms in the behavioural effects of withaferin A in rats was studied in the elevated plus-maze, open-field and rotarod tests. Administration of the nitric oxide (NO) precursor L-arginine (100 mg/kg, i.p.), assumed to increase the synthesis of NO, abolished the anxiolytic-like effect of withaferin A (40 mg/kg, i.p.) in the elevated plus-maze, whereas the inactive enantiomer D-arginine (100 mg/kg) did not. Neither withaferin A alone nor in combination with L- or D-arginine affected the exploratory activity of animals in the open field. Pretreatment with L-arginine (100 and 200 mg/kg) did not modify the motor impairment of rats after withaferin A (40 mg/kg) in the rotarod test. Withaferin A (40 mg/kg i.p.) did inhibit the brain NO synthase activity measured EX VIVO by NOx assay. We conclude that a suppression of NO synthase activity may be important in the anxiolytic-like effect of withaferin A.
Key words: Withaferin A, nitric oxide (NO) synthase, L-Arginine, anxiety, elevated plus maze test.
Asit Ranjan Ghosh, Zaved Ahmed Khan*
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 7 (12), pp. 001-006, December, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A survey of problem-based learning and traditional methods of teaching anatomy to 200 level pharmacy students of the University of Lagos, Nigeria
Azu, O. O.* and Osinubi, A. A.
Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria.
Accepted 01 August, 2018
Abstract
The introduction of the problem-based learning (PBL) may be a very uncomfortable problem for the students originally exposed to the didactic methods of teaching and learning. Our medical and pharmaceutical curriculum is yet to adopt this new method of learning and as such this study looks forward to exposing some aspects of the traditional style as well as introducing to the students the new method using PBL. It is envisaged that in the five-year Pharmacy program, the students would be exposed to and monitored and their academic performance vis-à-vis their professional competencies adjudged using this two styles of teaching anatomy. A total of one hundred and fifty 200 level Pharmacy students were randomly divided into fifteen groups of ten per group during their 2 semester course in Anatomy in the academic year 2007/2008 session. The students were exposed to both the PBL and traditional methods of teaching anatomy alternately. At the end of the period, 150 structured questionnaires were administered to the students and analyzed statistically. Results from this preliminary study does show that the PBL method of teaching Anatomy to Pharmacy students has strong positive impact in the general perception and knowledge build of the students in their 200 level studies despite the obvious challenges of the environment.
Key words: Pharmacy students, traditional method.
A. A., O. O.* and Osinubi, Azu
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