ISSN 2326-7267
Research Article
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 3 (1), pp. 001-006, January, 2012. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Some basic requirements for preparing an antisickling herbal medicine -NIPRISAN®
Ameh, S. J.*, Obodozie, O. O., Afolabi, E. K., Oyedele, E. O., Ache, T. A., Onanuga, C. E., Ibe, M. C. and Inyang, U. S.
Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Quality Control, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), P. M. B. 21, Garki, Idu Industrial Area, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria.
Accepted 09 November, 2011
Abstract
NIPRISAN®, an antisickling phytomedicine for the management of sickle cell crises, was developed at the National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD) from a traditional medicine used among the Yoruba people of Nigeria, for the treatment of “abiku” or “ogbanje” – a condition characterized by high frequency of ill health, painful crises, jaundice and childhood death. The product is prepared from the seeds of Piper guineense; flower buds of Eugenia caryophyllata; stem parts of Pterocarpus osun; leaf stalk of Sorghum bicolor; and trona - a solid mineral. The five starting materials are normally sourced from their natural habitats, and procured as such, from local food stalls or herbal medicine dealers. This paper describes and quantifies as per WHO (1998) and BP (2004), the most striking physicochemical characteristics of these materials; and demonstrates that all, except E. caryophyllata, exist in more than one variety, differing significantly in either loss on drying alone, or in both total ash and water extractable matter. The results, including the occasional presence of lead in the trona samples, are discussed in the context of production according to good manufacturing practice (GMP).
Key words: NIPRISAN®, starting materials, characteristics, antisickling, herbal medicine, chemical-manufacturing-control.
E. K., O. O., T. A., U. S., Ibe , S. J.*, C. E., Obodozie , Afolabi , E. O., M. C. and Inyang, Onanuga , Ameh , Oyedele , Ache
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Research Article
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 3 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2012. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Anti-ulcerogenic properties of methanolic root extract of Piliostigma reticulatum (DC) Hoechst (Syn. Bauhinia reticulate DC) -Leguminosae in rats
Salawu, O. A.1, Tijani, A. Y.1*, Obidike, I. C.1, Rafindadi, H. A.2 and Emeje, M.3
1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Idu, Abuja, Nigeria.
2Department of Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
3Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Raw material, Development National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Idu, Abuja, Nigeria.
Accepted 22 October, 2011
Abstract
Piliostigma reticulatum (DC) Hoechst (Syn. Bauhinia reticulate DC) - Leguminosae is a medicinal plant used in folk medicine against peptic ulcer. Effects of its methanolic root extract on basal gastric acid secretion and on ethanol and piroxicam-induced ulceration in rats were evaluated in this study. The methanolic extract evoked a dose-dependent decrease in gastric secretion and significantly (P < 0.05) reduced ulcer index induced by ethanol (27.3 - 63.60%) and piroxicam (6.25 - 68.75%). Histopathological studies of rat stomach tissues from control and extract-treated groups at 100 mg/kg b.w extract showed inflammation characterized by eosinophil infiltration, while the extract treated groups at 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w showed no obvious lesions and this is comparable to misoprostol (400 mg/kg b.w) treated group. These findings indicate the cytoprotective effects of the extract against ulceration and thus justify the folkloric uses of the plant in the symptomatic management of peptic ulcer.
Key words: Piliostigma reticulatum, leguminoseae, anti-ulcer activity, cytoprotective.
H. A and Emeje, Rafindadi , Tijani , M , A. Y*, I. C, O. A, Salawu , Obidike
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Research Article
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 2 (12), pp. 001-006, December, 2011. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effect of silymarin in experimental animal model of chronic inflammation
Kasim Mahmood Juma'a1, Zheen Aorahman Ahmed2, Intesar Tariq Numan3 and Saad Abdul Rehman Hussain3*
1Department of Pharmacy, Baquba General Hospital, Diyala, Iraq.
2Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimaniya, Kurdistan, Iraq.
3Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
Accepted 21 May, 2011
Abstract
Silymarin is a polyphenolic flavonoid derived from milk thistle (Silybum marianum) that has anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, and anticarcinogenic effects. It has been used medicinally to treat liver disorders including acute and chronic viral hepatitis, toxin/drug induced hepatitis and alcoholic liver disease. The efficacy and dose-response effect of silymarin (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) were assessed against negative and positive control using formalin- induced paw edema in rats as a model of chronic inflammation. In this model, all doses of silymarin were given intraperitonealy (IP) 30 min before induction of inflammation and continued for 7 consecutive days. Paw edema was measured before and 6 days after induction of inflammation using vernier caliper method and balance method. Silymarin in 250 and 500 mg/kg significantly lowered paw edema (P < 0.05) in both methods and found to be comparable with that produced by the reference drug dexamethazone and significantly different from that produced by acetyl salicylic acid and silymarin 125 mg/kg (P < 0.05). Therefore, silymarin exerts anti-inflammatory activity in rat model of chronic inflammation which was significantly increased as the dose increased up to 500 mg/kg.
Keywords: Silymarin, chronic inflammation.
Kasim Mahmood Juma'a, Zheen Aorahman Ahmed, Intesar Tariq Numan and Saad Abdul Rehman Hussain*
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 2 (12), pp. 001-005, December, 2011. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Study of Nigella sativa oil in the management of wheeze associated lower respiratory tract illness in children
Jameel Ahmad1*, Rahat Ali Khan1 and M. Ashraf Malik2
1Department of Pharmacology, J. N. Medical College AMU Aligarh 202002 India.
2Department of Pediatrics J.N. Medical College and Hospital, A. M. U Aligarh 202002. India.
Accepted 16 May, 2011
Abstract
Nigella sativa seeds and its oil had been widely used in traditional medicine (particularly in Unani Medicine) for a wide variety of illnesses including bronchial asthma in adults. The adjuvant effect of N. sativa oil in patients of bronchial asthma has already been reported but, no work had yet been done in very common disease of children called wheeze associated lower respiratory tract illness (wheeze associated LRTI). So In the present study 84 patients of wheeze associated LRTI were investigated for any beneficial role of N. sativa oil in this condition. Control group (41) and test group (43), were administered with Standard treatment and N. sativa oil along with Standard treatment in dose of 0.1 ml/kg/day, respectively. Patients were assessed on 0 (Zero) day and reassessed on 3rd, 7th, 10th and 14th day of treatment by using Pulmonary Index (PI) and Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR). The PI was reduced more in test group as compared to control group in all days of treatment and difference was statistically significant on 3rd day (P < 0.05) . The inter-group comparison on 3rd, 7th, 10th and 14th day also showed significant reduction in PI of test group compared to control group (P<0.001). PEFR showed higher improvement in test group compared to control group in all days of treatment, although, here the difference was statistically insignificant (P > 0.05). In inter-group comparison, the improvement in PEFR was observed only till 7th day of treatment in the control group but it was unto 14th day of treatment in the test group (P<0.0001).
Key words: Nigella sativa oil, wheeze, pulmonary index, PEFR.
Rahat Ali Khan and M. Ashraf Malik, Jameel Ahmad*
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Research Article
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 2 (12), pp. 001-007, December, 2011. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
PAMAM-drug complex for delivering anticancer drug across blood-brain barrier in-vitro and in-vivo
Daming Cui, Qiwu Xu, Shixin Gu, Jinlong Shi and Xiaoming Che*
Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P. R. China.
Accepted 22 October, 2011
Abstract
The delivery of anticancer drugs to the brain is profoundly limited by blood-brain barrier (BBB). The purpose of this work is to develop a new carrier for doxorubicin to overcome the BBB. Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer, a novel nanoscopic high- branching polymer, was exploited as an efficient carrier of doxorubicin. The MTT assay showed that PAMAM (generation 3) had little cytotoxicity in brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs) . The results of fluorescence intensity assay and fluorescent microscopy showed that the cellular uptake of PAMAM/doxorubicin complex was much higher than that of free doxorubicin and exhibited concentration and time dependent manners. The action of PAMAM in increasing the cellular uptake of doxorubicin was stronger than that of verapamil, a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor. In body distribution study, the brain uptake of doxorubicin in PAMAM/doxorubicin group increased dramatically (about 6-fold) compared to that in free doxorubicin group. These data suggest that the novel PAMAM/drug complex is a simple but efficient system, which showed great capability to cross the BBB. PAMAM dendrimer could be used as an effective carrier to deliver anticancer drugs to the brain.
Key words: PAMAM, doxorubicin, blood-brain barrier, p-glycoprotein.
Shixin Gu, Qiwu Xu, Jinlong Shi and Xiaoming Che*, Daming Cui
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 2 (12), pp. 001-005, December, 2011. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Ethnophytotherapeutic information for the treatment of high blood pressure among the people of Ilugun, Ilugun area of Ogun State, south-west Nigeria
Lawal, I. O.1*, Uzokwe, N. E.1, Ladipo, D. O.2, Asinwa, I. O.1 and Igboanugo, A. B. I.1
1Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Ibadan. P. M. B. 5054, Jericho hill, Ibadan, Nigeria
2Centre for Renewable Natural Resources, Research and Development (CENRAD), Ibadan, Nigeria.
Accepted 13 September, 2011
Abstract
Ethnophytotherapeutic information includes the contribution of indigenous knowledge using plants to provide native remedies for varieties of ailment. In African, various species of plants are used in the traditional medicine for the cure of chronic cardio-vascular diseases, where hypertension is one of them. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain enthnomedical information on the treatment of high blood pressure in the Yoruba speaking communities of Ilugun area of Ogun State. Nine species: (Ficus exasperata, Heliotropium indicum, Afromomum melegueta, Justicia schimperi, Persea americana, Talinium triangulare, Afraegle paniculatum, Newboldia laevis and Chenopodium ambrosioides) from different families were identified as being used for curing high blood pressure. Plants are documented for further research on chemical composition and active ingredients contained in these plant parts.
Key words: Ethnophytotherapy, herbal treatment, high blood pressure, Ilugun people, traditional medicines.
I. O and Igboanugo, Ladipo , D. O, N. E, A. B. I, Uzokwe , Asinwa , Lawal , I. O*
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