ISSN 2326-7267
Research Article
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 8 (11), pp. 001-005, November, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Antisickling activities of extracts of leaf, seed and seed pod of Garcinia kola Heckel
O. E. Adejumo1*, M. D. Ayoola2, A. L. Kolapo3, V. O. Orimoyegun2 and P. O. Olatunji4
1Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Nigeria.
2Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Nigeria.
3Department of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria.
4Department of Haematology, Obafemi Awolowo College of Health Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Nigeria.
Accepted 19 September, 2019
Abstract
Garcinia kola has been hitherto speculated as effective in the management of sickle cell disease (SCD). Investigations into the antisickling activities of both crude methanol extracts and the aqueous fractions of the leaf, seed and seed pod of G. kola were carried out using p-hydroxybenzoic acid and normal saline as positive and negative controls respectively. At the tested concentrations of 10.0, 1.0 and 0.1 mg/ml, the leaf extracts exhibited greatest antisickling activity whilst the seed pod had the least antisickling activity. However, it was observed that the activity of methanol extract of the seed pod did not differ significantly (p>0.05) from that of the positive control, p-hydroxybenzoic acid. Results for screened phytochemicals of the investigated parts revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, combined and free anthraquinones. The results infer a preliminary confirmation for the effectiveness and use of Garcinia kola in the management of SCD and its implication in drug development.
Key words: Antisickling activity, Garcinia kola, phytochemicals, sickle cell disease.
M. D. Ayoola, A. L. Kolapo, O. E. Adejumo*, V. O. Orimoyegun and P. O. Olatunji
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 8 (11), pp. 001-006, November, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effect of alpha-lipoic acid and time- of-day on interleukin-6 response to exhaustive exercise in humans
Zekine Lappalainen
School of Physical Education and Sports, Balikesir University, Turkey. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: +90-266-2391838. Fax: +90-266-2390285.
Accepted 14 April, 2019
Abstract
Circadian rhythms have an influence on human performance. Interleukin-6 is a cytokine which plays a role in muscle energy homeostasis during physical exercise. This study tested the effect of diurnal variation and alpha-lipoic acid, a natural thiol antioxidant, on skeletal muscle contractile properties, interleukin-6 response and oxidative damage. Male subjects (n=26) performed isokinetic exercise in different time-of-day. Next, the subjects were supplemented with alpha-lipoic acid for two weeks and the exercise tests were repeated. Blood samples were analyzed at baseline and immediately after exercise. Leg extensor muscle parameters were compared with time-of-day. Maximal work per single repetition and total work values were higher in the afternoon time, suggesting a time-of-day effect. Serum interleukin-6 levels increased in response to exercise, but were not associated with time-of-day. Alpha-lipoic acid did not have a significant effect on any of the measured parameters. Diurnal variations during exhaustive eccentric exercise seem to reflect muscle contractile work capacity. Exercise increases serum interleukin-6 levels irrespective of diurnal variation.
Key words: Diurnal variation, lipoic acid, interleukin-6, muscle performance.
Zekine Lappalainen
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 8 (11), pp. 001-011, November, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Formulation and evaluation of immediate release tablets with different types of paracetamol powders prepared by direct compression
Biljana Govedarica1*, Rade Injac2, Rok Dreu1 and Stane Srcic1
1Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
2Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Accepted 13 August, 2019
Abstract
Paracetamol (PAR) crystals exhibit poor compressibility, poor flowability and its tablets show a tendency to cap. To improve the mechanical strength of tablets several kinds of “Paracetamol for direct compression” are present on the market. Current research demonstrated the best tablet properties with coated paracetamol (mass of tablets, diameter, height and mechanical strength, friability RSD<2%). Furthermore, coated paracetamol in combination with both investigated superdisintegrants such as Vivasol® and Polyplasdone® XL-10 shows faster disintegration time and dissolution rate in comparison to paracetamol for direct compression. Eventually, the major advantages of the formulation with coated paracetamol for industrial production are decrease of friability and superiority in terms of flowability, compressibility, quick disintegration and dissolution. Regarding the results, coating of PAR particles is beneficial for the manufacturing of tablets with immediate release.
Key words: Paracetamol, powder, direct compression, immediate release, superdisintegrants.
Rok Dreu and Stane Srcic, Biljana Govedarica*, Rade Injac
Page: 1 - 11
Research Article
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 8 (11), pp. 001-005, November, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effect of consumption of Cucurbita pepo seeds on haematological and biochemical parameters
G. K. A. Adepoju* and A. A. Adebanjo
Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Olabisi Onabanjo – University, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria.
Accepted 07 July, 2019
Abstract
The study investigated the effect of Cucurbita pepo seeds on haematological and biochemical parameters on Wistar albino rats. The rats were maintained on diets composed of different concentrations of pulverized seeds of C. pepo. Blood samples and organs investigations were carried out using standard laboratory tests. The result revealed that C. pepo seeds significantly affected these parameters with beneficial effects on the vital organs and blood. The concentrations of the platelets, white blood cells and eosinophil were increased, while it reduced the concentrations of the neutrophils, packed cell volume and lymphocytes. It also significantly increased mean weights of the liver and the kidneys as evidenced by the statistically significant increase in total protein values of these organs. The doses significantly reduced the plasma levels of AST and ALT in these organs (p<0.05). The seeds showed a dose-dependent nephro- and hepato-protective ability. In conclusion, C. pepo seed has beneficial nutritional values when consumed adequately.
Key words: Haematological parameters, white blood cells, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, Cucurbita pepo, nutritional values, laboratory investigation.
G. K. A. Adepoju*, A. A. Adebanjo
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 8 (10), pp. 001-006, October, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Ethno-zoological studies and medicinal values of Similipal Biosphere Reserve, Orissa, India
N. Mishra1, S. D. Rout2 and T. Panda3*
1Department of Zoology, Chandbali College, Chandbali, Bhadrak-756133, Orissa, India.
2Department of Wildlife and Conservation Biology, North Orissa University, Takatpur, Baripada – 757003, Orissa, India.
3Department of Botany, S.N. College, Rajkanika, Kendrapara- 754220, Orissa, India.
Accepted 07 July, 2019
Abstract
This paper documents zootherapeutic practices in Similipal Biosphere Reserve of Mayurbhanj district, Orissa, India. It is primarily based on field surveys carried out in villages, where dwellers provided information on animal species used as medicine, body parts used to prepare the remedies, and the illnesses to which the remedies were prescribed. The dominant tribes involved in using animal parts as medicines in the district are Santhal, Kol, Bhumija, Bhuyan, Mahalis, Sounti and Saharas. The animal parts, namely, blood, excreta, feather and hair were used in raw or cooked forms for the treatment of piles, asthma, skin diseases, fever and rheumatism.The species used as medicinal drug and their respective families were: Bos gaurus gaurus(Mammalia), Buceros bicormis (Bucerotidae), Crocodylus palustris (Crocodilidae), Pavo cristatus(Phasianidae), Hystrix indica (Rodentia), Pterocarpus giganteus (Chiroptera) and Sus scorofacristatus (Mammalia).These zootherapeutical resources were used for the cure of 12 illnesses.
Key words: Ethnomedicine, ethnozoology, Orissa, Similipal, traditional knowledge, zootherapy
N. Mishra, S. D. Rout and T. Panda*
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 8 (10), pp. 001-005, October, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Review
Resistin and cardiovascular disorder
Ramica Sharma*, Chetan Kumar, Shaveta Gangwani, Gurfateh Singh Sugga and A. C. Rana
Rayat Institute of Pharmacy, Railmajra, Distt. Nawanshahar, Punjab, India.
Accepted 12 March, 2019
Abstract
Resistin belongs to a family of cysteine- rich secreted polypeptides produced by monocy-tes/macrophages. It is also regarded as a novel adipokine that has been suggested to play a role in the development of insulin resistance and obesity. In humans, inflammatory cells seem to be the major source of resistin. Resistin has been suggested to be an independent risk factor involved in the pathogenesis of numerous disorders. Cardiovascular complications account for significant morbidity and mortality. Moreover, resistin has been demonstrated to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of various vascular disorders such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, coronary artery disease and heart failure. Hence, the present review discussed the role of resistin in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders.
Key words: Resistin, cardiovascular disorders, adipokine, cysteine, macrophages, monocytes.
Gurfateh Singh Sugga and A. C. Rana, Shaveta Gangwani, Ramica Sharma*, Chetan Kumar
Page: 1 - 5