International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 9 (12), pp. 001-006, December, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

In vitro evidence of anti-infective activity of crude aqueous extract obtained by boiling ripe stem-bark of Bridelia ferruginea Benth

H. O. Dada-Adegbola*, O. A. Oluwatoba, O. E. Adebiyi and A. N. Odikagbue

Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine, University College Hospital, University of Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria.

Accepted 28 May, 2020

Abstract

The prevalence of multiple antibiotics resistance has prompted efforts to explore for more efficacious antimicrobial agents. The extract obtained by boiling the bark of Bridelia ferruginea Benth. is used traditionally for treating oral thrush called ‘Efu’. For this reason the in-vitro effectiveness and range of activities of crude extract obtained by boiling, ripe-stem-bark of Bridelia ferruginea have been carried out. The extract was tested against various microorganisms collected from clinical specimens. Bacterial isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, and other Candida species were tested for susceptibility using 0.5 McFarland turbidity standards of pure isolates on Mueller Hinton agar and Sabouraud dextrose agar. Ditches of 6 mm diameter were made on the media and 0.1 mls (9 drops) of the extract was added to each. For bacterial isolates, 3 or 4 standard antibiotic discs were added for comparison. The zone of inhibition around the extract ranged between 10 - 24 mm in diameter for bacterial and 14 - 25 mm for Candida (fungus). These results led to validate the activity both for fungal and bacterial agents of the crude extract obtained by boiling of the ripe stem bark of B. ferruginea as used traditionally.

Key words: Bridelia ferruginea, boiling, fresh, stem bark, Candida, bacteria.

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 9 (12), pp. 001-007, December, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Physico-chemical analysis of XIMENIA  AMERICANA.L seed oil and structure elucidation of some chemical constituents of its seed oil and fruit pulp

A. E. M. Saeed¹* and R. S. M. Bashier²

¹Department of  Chemistry, College of Science, Sudan University for Science and Technology, P. O. Box 407, Khartoum, Sudan.

²Department of  Chemistry, College of Science, Zalingei University, Sudan.

Accepted 19 June, 2020

Abstract

In this study, fixed oil was extracted from the seeds of XIMENIA AMERICANA. The study covered the percentage yield, physical and chemical properties of the extracted oil. The highest oil obtained was 51% w/v. The physical properties of the oil were found to be reactive index (1.477), density (0.9376 g/ml), boiling point (157°C) and viscosity 42 at 70°C and 227.58 at 25°C. The chemical properties of the oil were : iodine value (47.59), acid value (0.2805), peroxide value (30), saponification value (11.43), ester value (9.82), and the ratio value (35.009). The molecular weight of the major component of the oil was 604.  The major component of the oil (C₄₀H₇₆O₃) was identified as methyl-14,14- dimethyl – 18-hydroxy heptatriacont-27,35-dienoate [CH₃OCO(CH₂)₁₂C(CH₃)₂(CH₂)₃CHOH(CH₂)₈CH=CH(CH₂)₆CH=CHCH₃]. A compound was isolated from the fruit pulp, and purified using column and thin layer chromatography, with a molecular weight of 578, molecular formula (C₃₅H₆₂O₆) and was identified as dimethyl - 5- Methyl – 28,29 - dihydroxy dotriacont-3,14,26 - triendioate. These compounds were not reported before from X. AMERICANA seeds or fruit pulp[CH₃OCOCH₂CH=CHCH(CH₃(CH₂)₈CH=CH(CH₂)₁₀CH=CH(CHOH)₂(CH₂)₂COOCH₃].

Key words: Ximenia americana, seeds, oil, fruit pulp.

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 9 (12), pp. 001-007, December, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

TLC phytochemical screening in some Nigerian Loranthaceae

O. M. Wahab¹, A. E. Ayodele¹* and J. O. Moody²

¹Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.

²Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.

Accepted 18 June, 2020

Abstract

The phytochemical screening of specimens of the family Loranthaceae collected from the field was carried out with a view to ascertaining chemical constituents present and determining their importance in the taxonomic delimitation of the taxa. Thirty field collections from various localities were screened for secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, anthraquinones, terpenoids and ketones using thin layer chromatography (TLC). Most of the samples tested slightly positive for alkaloids, anthraquinone-related compounds, terpenoids and terpenoid-related compounds but ketonic compounds were of rare occurrence in all the samples. The chemical profile was useful in separating the collections of Phragmanthera from the other two genera while the collections of Globimetula were found embedded in Tapinanthus. The secondary metabolites obtained however showed the relative affinity of the Nigerian species of Tapinanthus. It is concluded that chemical characters may only be used as supporting evidence in the identification and delimitation of the taxa.

Key words: Loranthaceae, mistletoes, Nigeria, taxonomy, phytochemistry.

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 9 (12), pp. 001-010, December, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Acylated triterpenoidal saponins and cytokinins from Gleditsia aquatica

Ehab A. Ragab*, Mohammed Hosny, Hazem A. Kadry and Hassan A. Ammar

Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.

Accepted 13 October, 2020

Abstract

Two new bisdesmosidic triterpenoidal saponins acylated with one and two monoterpenoid units; aquaticoside A and B (1 and 2), two new cytokinins, aquaticine A and B (3 and 4), and one known cytokinin; adenosine (5), were isolated from the fruits of Gleditsia aquatica. Their structures were established by means of extensive 1D and 2D NMR studies and chemical degradation. Cytotoxicities (ED₅₀) of various extracts and isolated pure saponins (1 and 2), were measured against various tumor cell lines. The isolated pure saponins (1 and 2), showed the most potent cytotoxicities with ovary adenocarcinoma (MDAH 2774, NIH: OVCAR-3), uterus mesodermal tumor (SK-UT-1), skin malignant melanoma (G-361) and colon colorectal adenocarcinoma (LS 174 T) cell lines.

Key words: NMR, acylated triterpenoidal saponins, cytokinins, Gleditsia aquatica.

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 9 (12), pp. 001-008, December, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Pharmacological and toxicological evaluation of Rhizophora mangle L., as a potential antiulcerogenic drug: Chemical composition of active extract

Luz María Sánchez Perera¹*, Arturo Escobar¹, Caden Souccar², Ma. Antonia Remigio³ and Betty Mancebo¹

¹Chemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology Group, National Centre for Animal and Plant Health, CENSA, Apdo. 10, San José de las Lajas, La Habana, Cuba.

²Department of Pharmacology, Product Natural Sector, Paulista School of Medicine/UNIFESP, Sao Paulo, Brazil.

³CIDEM, Center of Medicinal Drug Development, Cuba.

Accepted 14 July, 2020

Abstract

Rhizophora mangle L. is a vegetal species widely distributed in Cuba and other Caribbean countries. This species is characterized by several ethnobotanical activities as antiseptic, astringent, as well for treating skin ulcers. In the present work, we describe a pharmacological, toxicological and chemical evaluation of this plant by its use in human medicine for the treatment of gastroduodenal ulcers. The acute gastric ulcer’s models were: acute gastric ulcers induced by ethanol; indomethacin; pyloric ligation; stress and immobility in cool in mice. The antisecretor effect of the extract was evaluated by pyloric ligation model. Other pharmacological tests were planned with the freeze - dried extract of R. mangle, as part of the evaluation on other systems to known secondary or adverse effects. These tests included the activity of the antiulcer active extract on intestinal transit, activity over arterial pressure, ileum activity and absorption of glucose in gut. The chemical profile of this extract by fatty acids was studied by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Some toxicological studies (genotoxicity) were carried out. The aqueous extract of R. mangle bark showed gastroprotective, antisecretor effects, and it induced a recovery of PGE₂ levels in doses-dependence manner comparable of knowledge antiulcerogenic medicaments. No effect was observed by arterial pressure in rats and the intestinal transit was inhibited by R. mangle. The intestinal motility was stimulated. Antiulcer active extract inhibit the glucose absoprtion in gut. This extract presented 4% of saturated and not saturated long chain’s fatty acids (C10:0 at C24:0). No toxicological signs were obtained by this extract.

Key words: Rhizophora mangle L., antiulcer, intestinal transit, arterial pressure, ileum activity, absorption of gluocose in gut, chemical composition, genotoxicology.

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 9 (12), pp. 001-005, December, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Bioautographic determination of the antistaphylococcal components of the stem bark of Parkia biglobosa (JACQ) BENTH (MIMOSACEAE)

Udobi Chinweizu Ejikeme¹*, Onaolapo Ademola Josiah² and Abdulsalaam I. A²

¹College of Science and Technology, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna, Nigeria.

²Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

Accepted 09 October, 2020

Abstract

Bioautography, a scientific method which combines chromatography with bioassay was used to attempt to determine the bioactive components in the methanolic extract of the stem bark of Parkia biglobosa. Results obtained confirmed 4 compounds of different R_f values. Each of them showed activity against Staphylococcus confirming previous results reported and the method also showed the components were acting in synergy. Pseudomonas and Bacillus subtilis were not as susceptible as Staphylococcus to the components. P. biglobosa remains a hopeful source of compounds that can be effectively used against even resistant Staphylococcus.

Key words: Bioautography, methanolic, Parkia, Staphylococcus, synergy.