International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN 2326-7267 Vol. 13 (6), pp. 001-004, June, 2024. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Toxicity Assessment and Blood Glucose Regulation by Cissampelos mucronata Leaf Extracts in Wistar Rats with Streptozocin-Induced Diabetes

Tanko, Y. ¹*, Yaro, A. H.², Isa, A. I³, Yerima, M.⁴, Saleh, M. I. A.¹ and Mohammed, A.¹

¹Department of Human Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
²Department of Pharmacology, Bayero University, Kano Nigeria.
³Department of Biology, College of Education P.M.B. 1021 Jalingo. Nigeria.
⁴Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Ahmad Bello, University Zaria, Nigeria.

Accepted 28 April, 2024

Abstract

Preliminary phytochemical screening of the ethanol leaves of Cissampelos mucronata revealed the presence of reducing sugars, cardiac glycosides, resin, tannins, saponins, glycosides, flavonoids, glycerin and steroids. The median lethal dose (LD50) in rats is greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight intaperitoneally. The hypoglycemic effect of ethanol extract of C. mucronata was also investigated in Streptozocin - induced diabetic rats. Single intraperitoneally administration of the extract at the doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg. There was a significant decreased (p<0.05) in the blood glucose levels in all the doses administered. The dose of 200 mg/kg was more effective with the highest glycemic change of 67% after 24 h of extract administration than the other two doses of 400 and 800 mg/kg with glycemic change of 60%. The ethanol leaves extract of C. mucronata possess hypoglycemic activity in Streptozocin induced in diabetic rats.

Key words: Cissampelos mucronata, hypoglycemic activity, streptozocin, diabetes.

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN 2326-7267 Vol. 13 (5), pp. 001-010, May, 2024. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Exploring the therapeutic potential of catechin-enriched green tea extract for managing inflammation and microbial infections

Y. F. Wang, S. H. Shao, P. Xu, X. Q. Yang and L. S. Qian*

Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China.

Accepted 9 September, 2023

Abstract

The aim of this study was to examine the mechanism of green tea in treating a broad spectrum of human diseases and to develop a safe and effective agent for antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory application. Catechin-enriched green tea extract (CEGTE) was prepared containing 83.15 ± 0.79% of total catechins. In vitro antimicrobial and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects were investigated and safety was evaluated in vivo with relevant positive controls. CEGTE was found to have significant bacteriostatic effects in all the bacteria isolates tested and inhibitory effects on influenza virus A3 (H3N2) and coxsackie virus B4. CEGTE showed inhibitory effects both on carrageenin-induced paw edema in rats and xylene-induced ear edema in mice and exhibited an inhibitory response against acetic acid-induced writhing in mice. The oral LD50 of CEGTE in both Sprague Dawley (SD) rats and imprinting control region (ICR) mice was determined to be greater than 20000 mg/kg body weight. The bacterial Ames test and mammalian micronucleus and sperm abnormality assay in mice showed no mutagenic properties with CEGTE. CEGTE can be applied as a safe and effective antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agent with advantages over medicines which treat bacterial and viral infection or inflammation alone.

Key words: Catechin-enriched green tea extract (CEGTE), antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, safety evaluation.
 

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN 2326-7267 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-006, April, 2024. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Evaluation of Iranian traditional cheese-derived Lactobacillus plantarum for gastric ulcer treatment in rats

Mitra Heydari Nasrabadi¹, Helia Aboutalebi¹*, Maryam Tajabadi Ebrahimi² and Farima Zahedi¹

¹Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Parand Branch, Parand, Iran.
²Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.

Accepted 8 September, 2023

Abstract

Probiotics are living organisms which upon ingestion in certain numbers exert health benefits beyond inherent basic nutrition. The lactic acid bacteria are one of the most significant groups of probiotic organisms. These bacteria are commonly used in fermented dairy products and have been advocated for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of a probiotic strain Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from Iranian traditional cheese on gastric ulcer. Gastric ulcers were induced by luminal application of acetic acid (60% v/v) in rats. L. plantarum was given intragastrically at 1010 CFU/day for three, five, seven and fourteen consecutive days after ulcer induction. L. plantarum significantly reduced gastric ulcer area as compared to control and negative control groups. Neutrophils were strongly increased on day three and decreased on days five, seven and fourteenth after ulcer induction in treatment groups. Macrophages and fibroblasts significantly increased on three and five days after ulcer induction and decreased on days seven and fourteenth. These finding suggested that L. plantarum isolated from Iranian traditional cheese enhanced gastric ulcer healing via stimulating immune system and fibroblast increasing.

Key words: Lactobacillus plantarum, probiotic, gastric ulcer, healing.
 

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN 2326-7267 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-005, April, 2024. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Hematological changes in high-performance athletes following zinc supplementation

Yahya Polat

College of Physical Education and Sports, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 16 August, 2023

Abstract

The purpose of the present study is to determine the effect of eight weeks zinc supplementation on the erythrocyte and leukocyte counts and other hematological parameters in male kick boxers. Twenty-four subjects were included in the study. They were equally divided into three groups as follows: Group EZ, training and receiving 2.5 mg/kg zinc supplement per day; Group SZ, receiving the zinc supplement but no training and Group E, who exercised but received no supplement. Erythrocyte, platelet and leukocyte counts, hematocrit, hemoglobin and the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were determined in blood samples taken from each participant at rest and exhaustion. The erythrocyte count of Group EZ was significantly higher than in the E and SZ groups, p < 0.001. The number of leukocytes was higher in the two groups that trained. The hemoglobin and hematocrit levels were increased in the EZ group (p < 0.05).The platelet number increased with exhaustion in the E and EZ groups (p < 0.001). The MCV values were lower in group EZ as compared to the other two groups. The E and EZ subjects had higher neutrophil counts (p < 0.05).These results suggest that the combined effects of exercise and zinc supplementation have a positive effect in the hematological parameters of athletes, which may result in better performance and increased endurance.

Key words: Kick boxers, male athletes, exhaustion, zinc-supplementation, blood parameters.
 

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN 2326-7267 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-005, March, 2024. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

The influence of aerobic exercise on health-related physical fitness and lipid profiles in obese female adolescents

Özcan Saygın¹* and Mehmet Ali Öztürk²

¹School of Physical Education and Sports, Mugla University, Mugla, Turkey.
²Sakarya University,Serdivan, Sakarya, Turkey.

Accepted 10 October, 2023

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 12 week aerobic exercise program on health related fitness components and blood lipids in obese girls. In this study, a total of 40 girls were recruited as exercise group (n = 20) and control group (n = 19). Participants joined sessions for 60 min per day, 3 days per week for 12-week. There were significant differences in weight, body mass index (BMI), flexibility, sit-ups, hand grip for both hands, VO2max, skin fold measurements (thigh, triceps, biceps, abdomen, suprailiac, subscapula, chest, body fat percent, heart rate, high density lipoproteins (HDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL),, total cholesterol, and triglyceride between pre-test and post test scores in the exercise group (p<0.05). It was concluded that regular aerobic exercise may affect health related fitness components and blood lipids positively in girls. Furthermore, it may result in decreasing obesity in girls.

Key words: Blood lipids, flexibility, muscle strength, body mass index (BMI), max. VO2, aerobic exercise.
 

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN 2326-7267 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-012, February, 2024. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Examining the effects of regulatory policies on drug quality in Sudan: Perspectives from importers

Gamal K. M. Ali¹ and Abdeen M. Omer²*

¹Former Department of Pharmaceutical Services and Planning Manager, Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Sudan.
²Occupational Health Administration, Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Sudan.

Accepted 17 November, 2023

Abstract

The strategy of price liberalisation and privatisation had been implemented in Sudan over the last decade, and has had a positive result on government deficit. The investment law approved recently has good statements and rules on the above strategy in particular to pharmacy regulations. Under the pressure of the new privatisation policy, the government introduced radical changes in the pharmacy regulations. The 2001 Pharmacy and Poisons Act and its provisions established the Federal Pharmacy and Poison Board (FPPB). All the authorities of the implementation of Pharmacy and Poisons Act were given to this board. This article provides an overview of the impact of the pharmaceutical regulations on the quality of medicines on the Sudanese market from the perspective of the pharmacists working with drug importing companies. The information necessary to conduct the evaluation was collected from 30 pharmacists who are the owners or shareholders in medicines’ importing companies. The participants were selected randomly. 89% of respondents considered the medicines on the Sudanese market are generally of good quality. The design of the research itself may be considered inadequate with regard to selection process. However, the authors believe it provides enough evidence, and the current pharmaceutical regulations have some loopholes. The Pharmacy, Poisons, Cosmetics and Medical Devices Act-2001 and its regulation should be enforced. The overall set-up including the Act itself needs to be revised.

Keywords: Counterfeits Medicines, Drug Importers, and Quality of Medicines, Regulatory Authorities.