International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 7 (9), pp. 001-010, September, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Tribulus teresstris modulates heat shock protein and key anti-apoptotic proteins in the Langendorff model of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury

Ipseeta Ray Mohanty¹*, Ujjwala Maheshwari², Daniel Joseph¹ and Yeshwant Deshmukh¹

¹Department of Pharmacology, MGM Medical College, Navi Mumbai, India.

²Department of Pathology, MGM Medical College, Navi Mumbai, India.

Accepted 21 February, 2018

Abstract

The cardioprotective effects of Tribulus teresstris (Tt), a medicinal herb, used in Indian system of medicine was evaluated in the Langendorff model of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (I-R) injury. Tt (1, 2.5, 5, 10 mg/kg) was orally fed to healthy experimental rats once a day for 21 days followed by global ischemia and reperfusion injury. Biochemical parameters: lipid peroxidation product thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), endogenous antioxidant: glutathione, antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidases (GSHPx)) and myocardial enzyme creatine phosphokinase (CPK) were evaluated. To correlate the biochemical derangement and altered cardiac performance during I-R, changes in the hemodynamic variables heart rate (HR) and coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) was measured. Myocardial apoptotic was quantified using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method. The expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, pro-apoptotic protein Bax, enzyme: Caspase 3 and heat shock protein (HSP) in cardiac myocytes was detected by immunohistochemistry. As compared with sham group, the CPP, TBARS levels, myocardial apoptosis, expression of Caspase 3, Bax, heat shock protein (HSP 72) proteins were increased significantly in I-R control group. Tt pre-treatment significantly restored the antioxidant network of the myocardium, reduced myocardial apoptosis, Bax, HSP 72 protein expression. These beneficial effects also translated into favourable hemodynamic effects. Histopathological studies and myocardial CPK content further confirmed the cardioprotective effects of Tt (2.5 mg/kg) in the experimental model of I-R injury.

Key words: Apoptosis, ischemia and reperfusion, medicinal herbs, Tribulus teresstris, antioxidants.

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 7 (8), pp. 001-005, August, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Gastroprotective effects of Stachys Lavandulifolia extract on experimental gastric ulcer

Fatemeh Nabavizadeh^1*, Ali Mohammad Alizadeh², Soheila Adeli¹, Masoumeh Golestan¹, Hamid Moloudian³ and Mohammad Kamalinejad⁴

¹Department of physiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

²Cancer Research Center, Tehran University of medical sciences, Tehran, Iran.

³Student of pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

⁴Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Accepted 18 January, 2018

Abstract

Several studies have used Stachys Lavandulifolia vahl (S. lavandulifolia) as medicinal plant in Iranian folk medicine. The present investigation is designed to elucidate therapeutic and preventive effects of S. lavandulifolia extract on gastric acid and pepsin secretions in experimental gastric ulcer. Thirty two Wistar male rats were used to study therapeutic and preventive effects of S. lavandulifolia extract on alcohol-induced gastric ulcer. Animals were equally (n=8) divided into 4 groups: (I) Control (II) Alcohol (1 ml/200 g/bw) to induce gastric ulcer (III) Alcohol/Lvandu (100 mg/kg bw/daily, S. lavandulifolia extract was given for two weeks post alcohol administration) and (IV) Lvandu/alcohol (S. lavandulifolia extract was given for two weeks before alcohol administration). Ulcer index, gastric acid and pepsin secretions was measured. Ulcer index was significantly decreased in alcohol/Lvandu than Alcohol group. Also gastric acid and pepsin secretions, and gastric tissue’s NO metabolites level were significantly lower in alcohol and Lvandu/alcohol groups than control (p<0/05). But changes in gastric acid and pepsin secretions have not been noticeable in alcohol/Lvandu group than control. The results of this study show that S. lavandulifolia extract protected gastric mucosa from alcohol-induced gastric ulcer. This gastroprotection may mediate via gastric mucosal nitric oxide production.

Key words: Stachys Lavandulifolia, acid, pepsin, nitric oxide

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 7 (8), pp. 001-005, August, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effects of leaf and berry extracts of Phytolacca dioica L. on haematological and weight parameters of Wistar rats

A. O. T. Ashafa¹*, T. O. Sunmonu² and A. J. Afolayan³

¹ Department of plant sciences, University of the Free State, Qwaqwa Campus, Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa.

²Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.

³Department of Botany, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, Eastern Cape, South Africa.

Accepted 25 March, 2018

Abstract

The effect of aqueous leaf and berry extracts of Phytolacca dioica administered at 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight for 14 days was investigated on haematology and weight parameters of Wistar rats. The extracts at all doses had no significant effect on the red blood cells (RBC), haemoglobin (HB), parked cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC) when compared with the animals in the control group. In contrast, the extracts at all doses caused a progressive significant reduction in the serum levels of platelets, white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils and monocytes. Also, there was dose-dependent significant increase in the serum levels of lymphocytes and a reduction in the level of eosinophils. Administration of the extracts at all doses investigated led to a significant reduction in the body weight, absolute organ weight and organ-body weight ratio. These observable alterations in some parameters were indications that the leaf and berry extracts of P. dioica possess slight toxicity. Therefore, the crude extracts from the leaf and berry may not be completely safe as oral remedies.

Key words: Phytolacca dioica, haematology, weight parameters, slight toxicity, oral remedy.

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 7 (7), pp. 001-007, July, 2018. © International Scholars Journals 

Full Length Research Paper

Development and validation of stability indicating assay method of cetirizine hydrochloride by HPLC

Muhammad Imran Khan¹, Ghulam Murtaza²*, Sher Awan³, Muhammad Iqbal¹, Muhammad Khurram Waqas¹, Akhtar Rasool⁴, Urooj Fatima¹, Muhammad Hassham Hassan Bin Asad², Anwar Kahlid⁵, Faisal Usman⁶, Qazi Najam-us -Saqib², Shujaat Ali Khan⁴, Kalsoom Farzana⁶, Seema Mahmood⁷ and Izhar Hussain²

¹Department of Pharmacy, University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.

²Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan.

³Department of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan.

⁴Department of Pharmacy, the Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan.

⁵Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan.

⁶Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.

⁷Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan.

Accepted 18 March, 2018

Abstract

A new simple and rapid high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the determination of cetirizine hydrochloride (CTZ) in tablets using CLC-ODS reverse phase column (4.6 × 250 mm, 5 µm). Salicylic acid was used as internal standard. A mixture of methanol and water of 70:30 with pH 4 (adjusted with o-phosphoric acid) was used as mobile phase. The eluents were detected at 231 nm. The coefficient of determination of calibration curve for CTZ and salicylic acid in mobile phase were 0.9898 and 0.9925, respectively. The limit of detection for CTZ was 4 µg ml^-1. The proposed method was successfully applied for the stability study of CTZ. The CTZ was found to be stable at accelerated condition of temperature and relative humidity after storage of six months. This method can be used for the routine quality control and dosage form assay of CTZ in pharmaceutical preparations.

Key words: High performance liquid chromatography, cetirizine hydrochloride, pharmaceutical preparations.

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 7 (7), pp. 001-006, July, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Assessing estrogenic activity of Nigella sativa in ovariectomized rats using vaginal cornification assay

Saadat Parhizkar¹^,²^,³, Latiffah Abdul Latiff¹^,³*, Sabariah Abdul Rahman¹^,³, Mohammad Aziz Dollah¹, Hanachi Parichehr⁴

¹Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.

²School of Health, Yasuj University of Health and Medical Sciences, Iran.

³Institute of Biosciences, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.

⁴Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Biochemistry unit, Alzahra University, Iran.

Accepted 14 April, 2018

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the estrogenic activity of Nigella sativa (NS) by vaginal cornification assay using an ovariectomized rat model. Forty ovariectomized Sprague Dawley rats, weighting 250 to 350 g were used in the study. N. sativa powders were administered to ovariectomized rats for 21 consecutive days at dosages of 300, 600 and 1200 mg/kg respectively, and were compared with each of daily treatment with 0.2 mg/kg conjugated Equine estrogen as positive control or distilled water as negative control. Vaginal smears were taken to observe the estrogenic effect on vaginal epithelium of rats. The vaginal smear showed an atrophic pattern at baseline. The occurrence of vaginal cornification after N. sativa supplementation indicated estrogenic activity of N. sativa, but this effect was not as much as CEE. The most influence of N. sativa in vaginal cornification was observed in low dose NS that this result was in agreement with serum Estradiol level of this group. The cornified cells percentage significantly differed from control group (P<0.05). These data suggest that N. sativa possesses estrogenic function in the ovariectomized rat model which can be helpful in managing menopausal symptoms as an alternative for Hormone Replacement Therapy.

Key words: Nigella sativa, vaginal cytology assay, ovariectomized rats, estrogenic activity.