ISSN 2326-7267
Research Article
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 8 (7), pp. 001-008, July, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Enhancement and approval of converse stage HPLC and HPTLC technique for concurrent evaluation of vasicine and vasicinone in SIDA Species
*Salman Ray, Aamir Roshan and Narenda Khan
Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India.
Accepted 15 March, 2019
Abstract
Quantification of bioactive principles through modern analytical tools is essential for establishing the authenticity and creditability of prescription and usage of herbal drugs. In the present study, simultaneous quantification of vasicine and vasicinone, present in SIDA species (Malvaceae), by reverse phase HPLC and HPTLC methods were developed. In the RP-HPLC method, the extracts were resolved using a mobile phase of acetonitrile - 0.1 M phosphate buffer - glacial acetic acid (15:85:1, V/V/V) with pH 4.0 on a C18-ODS-Hypersil column in isocratic mode. The retention times of vasicine and vasicinone were 5 and 8.7 min, respectively. In the HPTLC method, mobile phase of ethyl acetate, methanol, ammonia (8:2: 0.2, V/V) was used on precoated plate of silica gel 60 F254 and quantified by densitometric method. Validation of the methods was done to demonstrate its selectivity, linearity, precision and accuracy as recommended in the ICH guidelines. Excellent linear behaviors over the investigated concentration ranges were observed with the values of R2 higher than 0.998 for both the analytes. Recovery values between 97 - 101%, and correlation coefficient between (linear dynamic range) 0.977 - 0.9999 shows that the developed methods were accurate and precise. These methods can be employed for the routine analysis of the quality of herbal extracts and formulations.
Key words: Sida cordifolia, Sida acuta, Malvaceae, quantification, validation, HPLC, HPTLC.
*Salman Ray, Aamir Roshan and Narenda Khan
Page: 1 - 8
Research Article
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 8 (6), pp. 001-009, June, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Antioxidant and phytochemical outling of aqueous and ethanolic extract of Garcinia kola
*Ibrahim Bello, Yakubu Chris and Herbert Akintola
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria.
Accepted 10 March, 2019
Abstract
Garcinia kola is widely consumed habitually and used as traditional remedy for various diseases in Nigeria. However, information with respect to the effect of using different solvents of extraction on its antioxidant properties is scanty. Therefore, the present study investigates the effect of different solvents on the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant properties of G. kola. Phytochemicals measured were the total phenolics, flavonoids and vitamin C content while the antioxidant parameters assessed were the free radical scavenging, Fe (II) - chelating and Fe3+ reducing properties. Finally, the ability of both extracts to offer protective benefits to both hepatic and cerebral tissues placed under oxidative assault induced by FeSO4 and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was also investigated. The phenolic content of G. kola was estimated to be 45.2 ± 0.9 mg/g and 30.3 ± 0.4 mg/g gallic acid equivalent (GAE) for the ethanolic and aqueous extracts, respectively. Whereas the flavonoid content was estimated to be 29.2 ± 0.2 mg/g and 10.8 ± 0.2 mg/g quercetin equivalent (QE) for the ethanolic and aqueous extracts, respectively. In addition, the vitamin C contents were 21.2 ± 0.4 mg/g and 20.8 ± 0.1 mg/g for the ethanolic and aqueous extract of dried G. kola, respectively. In all the antioxidant indices measured, the ethanolic extract possessed significantly higher properties than the aqueous extract (p < 0.05). In view of all, the use of G. kola for the treatment of cough and liver disorders in folkloric medicines may be related to its phytochemical content. Hence, moderate consumption of the fruit should be encouraged as antioxidant supplement.
Key words: Garcinia kola, antioxidant, ethanolic, aqueous and phytochemical.
*Ibrahim Bello, Yakubu Chris and Herbert Akintola
Page: 1 - 9
Research Article
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 8 (6), pp. 001-006, June, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Anti-ulcer activities of Ficus religiosa stem bark ethanolic gather in rats
*Azman Ahmed, Rinong Rahim and Koo Idlan
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Open University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Accepted 05 March, 2019
Abstract
Ficus religiosa is being used in Ayurvedic and Malay traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases including gastric ulcer. Considering the above claims, the present work was undertaken to validate the anti-ulcer potential of the ethanol extract of stem bark of F. religiosa against in vivo indomethacin- and cold restrained stress-induced gastric ulcer, and pylorus ligation assays. The extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly (P<0.05) reduced the ulcer index in all assays used. The extract also significantly (P<0.05) and increased the pH of gastric acid while at the same time reduced the volume of gastric juice and, free and total acidities. In conclusion, the present study provide preliminary data on the antiulcer potential of F. religiosa stem bark and support the traditional uses of the plant for the treatment of gastric ulcer.
Key words: Ficus religiosa, stem bark, ethanol extract, gastric ulcer, pylorus ligation, indomethacin, cold stress induced gastric ulcers, ulcer index.
Rinong Rahim and Koo Idlan, *Azman Ahmed
Page: 1 - 6
Review
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 8 (5), pp. 001-008, May, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Review
Phytochemistry and pharmacological characteristics of Ruta graveolens L.
*Kamshad Forouhar, Dariush A. Pakraven and Reza Khan
Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Farhangian University, Iran.
Accepted 22 November, 2018
Abstract
Ruta graveolens is known as Rue. R. graveolens extracts and essential oil are important areas in drug development with numerous pharmacological activities in many countries. For a long time R. graveolens has been used in traditional medicines for the relief of pain, eye problems, rheumatism and dermatitis. R. graveolens has recently been shown to have antibacterial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and insecticidal activities. Rutin, quercetin, psoralen, methoxypsoralen, rutacridone, rutacridone epoxide and gravacridondiol are phytochemical compounds which are reported from this plant. α-Pinene, limonene and 1,8-cineole were identified as the main monoterpene constituents for R. graveolens essential oil. Due to the easy collection of the plant and being widespread and also remarkable biological activities, this plant has become medicine in many countries especially in Mediterranean region. This article presents comprehensive analyzed information on the botanical, chemical and pharmacological aspects of R. graveolens.
Key words: Ruta graveolens, Rutaceae, pharmacology, phytochemistry.
*Kamshad Forouhar, Dariush A. Pakraven and Reza Khan
Page: 1 - 8
Research Article
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 8 (5), pp. 001-006, May, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Phenolic substance, radical rummaging movement and cytotoxicity of Tamarix nilotica (Ehrenb.) bunge developing in Egypt
*Abdel Naguib, Ahmad Mubarak and V. S. Gamal
Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Cairo, Egypt.
Accepted 05 November, 2018
Abstract
The radical scavenging activity using 1,1-diphenyl, 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and cytotoxicity using sulphorhodamine B (SRB) assay of the aqueous methanolic extract of Tamarix nilotica (Ehrenb.) Bunge (Tamaricaceae) flowers and its subextracts (CHCl3, EtOAC and Pet.ether) were evaluated. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were estimated using colorimetric assays. Ethyl acetate (EtOAc) showed the highest free radical scavenging activity with inhibitory concentration (IC50) 7.25 ± 0.86 µg/ml in addition to potential cytotoxic effect on liver cell carcinoma (Huh-7) (IC50 49.1 ± 0.96 µg/ml) whereas effect on lung cell carcinoma (A-549) was much lower (IC50: 137.9 ± 1.85 µg/ml). EtOAc had the highest flavonoid content (1.75 ± 1.5 mg/g QE) compared to other subextracts. These results indicated that ethyl acetate fraction contains bioactive compounds worthy of more sophisticated studies as free radical scavenger and cytotoxic agent.
Key words: Tamarix nilotica, cytotoxic activity, sulphorhodamine B (SRB) assay, scavenging activity, 1,1-diphenyl, 2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, flavonoid, phenolic.
Ahmad Mubarak and V. S. Gamal, *Abdel Naguib
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 8 (4), pp. 001-005, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Assessment of cell antioxidant action, quantitative estimation of phenols and flavonoids in distinctive parts of Aegle marmelos
*Shankar Salman, Khan V. Bachchan and Swami V. singh
Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Hemwati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University, Srinagar, India.
Accepted 25 October, 2018
Abstract
In existing study, we carried out an efficient record of the comparative antioxidant activity in methanolic extract of the selected parts (leaves, root and stem bark) of Aegle marmelos. Total content of phenol and flavonoid was quantitatively estimated in different parts of A. marmelos. The total phenolic contents varied from 9.8367 ± 0.0235 to 1.7281 ± 0.049 mg g-1. Total flavonoid contents were between 8.248 ± 0.029 to 1.087 ± 0.002 mg g-1. Free radical scavenging activity of different extracts was evaluated by using DPPH (1, 1 -Diphenyl- 2 -picryl hydrazyl) method. The highest free radical scavenging effect was observed in leaves with IC50 = 2.096µg ml –1. The effectiveness of radical scavenging activity of leaves extract was about 10 times greater than reference antioxidant butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT). The greater amount of phenolic compounds leads to more powerful radical scavenging effect as shown by methanolic extract of A. marmelos leaves.
Key words: Aegle marmelos, antioxidant, flavonoids, phenols, 1, 1 –diphenyl - 2 -picryl hydrazyl.
*Shankar Salman, Khan V. Bachchan and Swami V. singh
Page: 1 - 5