ISSN 2326-7267
Research Article
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 5 (6), pp. 001-050, June, 2016. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Healing the body and soul: Traditional remedies for “magical” ailments, nervous system and psychosomatic disorders in Northern Peru
Rainer W. Bussmann1*, Ashley Glenn1 and Douglas Sharon2
1William L. Brown Center, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166-0299, USA.
22328 Dolphin Dr., Richmond, CA 94804, USA.
Accepted 09 February, 2016
Abstract
Mal aire (bad air), mal viento (bad wind), susto and espanto (fright), mal ojo (evil eye) and envidia (envy) are seen as very common illnesses in Andean society. The Western concept of “psychosomatic disorders” comes closest to characterizing these illnesses. Treatment in many cases involves the participation of the patient in a cleansing ceremony. In addition, patients frequently receive herbal amulets for protection against further evil influences and for good luck. A total of 222 plant species belonging to 172 genera and 78 families were documented and identified as herbal remedies used to treat nervous system problems in Northern Peru. Most species used were Asteraceae, followed by Solanaceae and Lamiaceae. The majority of herbal preparations were prepared from the whole plant. In over 60% of the cases fresh plant material was used to prepare remedies, which differs slightly from the average herbal preparation mode in Northern Peru. Interestingly, only about 36% of the remedies were applied orally, while the majority was applied topically. Over 79% of all remedies were prepared as mixtures with multiple ingredients by boiling plant material either in water or in sugarcane spirit. Little scientific evidence exists to date to prove the efficacy of the species employed as nervous system remedies in Northern Peru. Only 24% of the plants found or related species in the same genus have been studied at all. The information gained on frequently used traditional remedies against nervous system disorders might give some leads for future targets for further analysis in order to develop new drugs addressing nervous system disorders.
Key words: Medicinal plants, ethnobotany, mental health, neurologic disorders, psychopharmacology, etheogens.
Ashley Glenn and Douglas Sharon, Rainer W. Bussmann*
Page: 1 - 50
Research Article
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 5 (5), pp. 001-012, May, 2016. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Isolation of piperdine from Piper nigrum and its antiproliferative activity
S. K. Reshmi, E. Sathya and P. Suganya Devi*
Post Graduate Department of Biotechnology, Dr. Mahalingam Centre for Research and Development N. G. M. College, Pollachi, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India - 642001.
Accepted 19 March, 2016
Abstract
Many plant- derived molecules have shown a promising effect in therapeutics. Among the plants investigated to date, one showing enormous potential is the Piperaceae. The present study aimed to extract the phytochemical compounds in different solvent system in Piper longum, Piper nigrum and Piper cubeba as well as testing their antibacterial and antitumour activity. HPTLC analysis of P. nigrum sample showed six alkaloid bands two alkaloid bands were similar to Piperine standard 1 and 2, the other alkaloid may be piperidine, piperettine and piperanine. P. longum sample contain three alkaloid bands one band was similar to Piperine standard 1, the other may be piperlongumine and piperlonguminine and no alkaloid band was found in P. cubeba. The anti bacterial activity was tested against gram positive and negative organism using agar well diffusion method. High activity was found in P. nigrum ethanol extract against the organism Salmonella Typhii. The alkaloid piperdine was purified by refluxion method to check the antitumour activity which shows 51.38% of inhibition at 5 µg/ml concentration that conforms the compound piperidine to be used as anticancer drug for further mechanistic works.
Key words: Alkaloids, piperine, HPTLC, antibacterial activity, purification, piperidine, HEp2 cell lines.
S. K. Reshmi, E. Sathya and P. Suganya Devi*
Page: 1 - 12
Research Article
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 5 (5), pp. 001-007, May, 2016. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Formulations of sustained release metformin hydrochloride tablet using combination of lipophilic waxes by melt granulation technique
Kamlesh Jayantilal Wadher1*, Rajendra Baliram Kakde2 and Milind Janrao Umekar1
1Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, 441002, India.
2University Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, R. T. M. Nagpur University Nagpur, 440033 India.
Accepted 22 January, 2016
Abstract
Metformin hydrochloride is recommended globally as first line therapy due to its favorable profile on morbidity and mortality associated with type- 2 diabetes mellitus. However, limitations of multiple dosing and risk of triggering gastrointestinal symptoms make its dose optimization difficult. The present study was designed to develop the oral sustained release metformin hydrochloride tablet formulation using lipophilic waxes viz. hydrogenated castor oil, stearic acid and glyceryl monostearate either alone or their combinations. The in vitro dissolution study was carried out using USP 22 apparatus I, basket method. The drug release kinetics demonstrated that hydrogenated castor oil sustained the release of metformin greater than stearic acid and glyceryl monostearate when used alone. Combination of hydrogenated castor oil with stearic acid (1:1) sustained the drug release (75.69 ± 0.76%) greater than hydrogenated castor oil with glyceryl monostearate (86.45 ± 0.96%) and stearic acid with glyceryl monostearate (92.29 ± 0.76%) combinations. Kinetic modeling of in-vitro dissolution profiles revealed that metformin release ranges from diffusion controlled or Fickian transport to anomalous type or non-Fickian transport mechanisms. Applying Korsmeyer equation to in-vitro drug release data indicated that diffusion along with erosion could be the mechanism of drug release.
Key words: Hydrogenated castor oil, stearic acid, glyceryl monosterate, metformin matrix tablet, release kinetics.
Rajendra Baliram Kakde and Milind Janrao Umekar, Kamlesh Jayantilal Wadher*
Page: 1 - 7
Research Article
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 5 (4), pp. 001-006, April, 2016. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A novel pentacyclic triterpene glycoside from a resin of Commiphora glandulosa from Botswana
Daniel Motlhanka1*, Peter Houghton2, Ana Miljkovic-Brake2 and Solomon Habtemariam3
1Medicinal Plant Research Laboratories, Basic Sciences Department Botswana College of Agriculture, Bag 0027 Gaborone, Botswana.
2Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, King’s College, University of London, 150 Stamford Street, SE1 9NH, London, UK.
3Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy Research Laboratories, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, University of Greenwich at Meadway, Central Avenue, Chatham Maritime, Kent, ME4 4TB, Kent, UK.
Accepted 13 January, 2016
Abstract
A novel ursane-type pentacyclic triterpene glycoside, 1b,2b,3b-trihydoxy-urs-12-ene-23-oic-rhamnoside was isolated from the resin of Commiphora glandulosa Schinz by bioassay guided fractionation. Crude aqueous and chloroform extracts of the resin as well as the isolated compound exhibited good in vitro antibacterial activity against gram positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis: NCTC 10073), (Clostridium perfringens: NCTC 8237), (Staphylococcus aureus: NCIMB 9518) and also drug resistant strains (S.aureus:XU212-tetracycline resistant strain), (S. aureus SA1199B-norfloxacin resistant strain). There was no observed antimicrobial activity against gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli: NCTC 9002), (Pseudomonas aeruginosa: NCIMB 10421), (Klebsiella aerogenes: NCTC 5055); and fungal strains (Candida albicans: NCPF 3179, Aspergillus fumigatus: NCPF 7097), Trichophyton tonsurans: NCPF 995). The structure of the isolated compound was elucidated on the basis of spectral data using13C-NMR, 1H-NMR and mass spectroscopy.
Key words: Commiphora glandulosa resins, antibacterial activity, novel pentacyclic triterpene, Botswana medicinal plants, antibacterial activity.
Ana Miljkovic-Brake and Solomon Habtemariam, Daniel Motlhanka*, Peter Houghton
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 5 (4), pp. 001-004, April, 2016. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Medicinal plants of Azerbaijan flora used in the treatment of certain diseases
S. J. Ibadullayeva, S. E. Mamedova, Z. R. Sultanova, N. V. Movsumova and I. A. Jafarli
Institute of Botany of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, AZ 1073, Badamdar shosse, 40 Baku, Azerbaijan.
Accepted 15 January, 2016
Abstract
During investigations conducted within two years (2007 - 2009) 30 natural cenopopulations that were found, confirmed medicinal plants that can be used in the treatment of pediatric diseases. It was systematically studied life forms and distribution of 50 families, 94 genera and 97 species of medicinal plants widely spread in Azerbaijan flora which are used in the treatment of pediatric diseases. It was determined that the majority of medicinal plants contains grasses (71%, 69 species). Among them, perennials are characterized with the highest number (48 species, 49.5%), annuals with medium (12 species, 12.4%) and biennials with the least number (9 species, 9.3%). Profoundly described plant resources and role in the medicine of species such as, Berberis vulgaris, Crataegus pentagyna, Althaea officinalis, Hippophae rhamnoides, Inula helenium, Vaccinium myrtillis and Vaccinium vitis idaea detected and confirmed the area of distribution of medicinal plants, their vegetation phase and collected parts with priorities used in the treatment of pediatric diseases.
Key words: Medical plants of Azerbaijan flora, systematic analysis, plant resources, pharmacological effect.
Z. R. Sultanova, S. E. Mamedova, S. J. Ibadullayeva, N. V. Movsumova and I. A. Jafarli
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 5 (3), pp. 001-004, March, 2016. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effect of essential oil of Chromoleana odorata (Asteraceae) from Ivory Coast, on cyclooxygenase function of prostagladin-H synthase activity
G. Bedi1*, Z. F. Tonzibo1, K. R. Oussou1, C. Choppard2, J. P. Mahy3 and T. Y. N’Guessan1
1Laboratoire de Chimie Organique Biologique, Université de Cocody, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Côte d’Ivoire.
2Laboratoire de Chimie et Biochimie Pharmacologique et Toxicologique, UMR 8601 CNRS, Université René – Descartes, Paris Cedex 75270, France.
3Laboratoire de Chimie Bioorganique et Bioinorganique, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux, UMR 8182 CNRS, Bât. 420, Université Paris 11, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France.
Accepted 22 July, 2015
Abstract
Aqueous extracts of Chromoleana odorata are commonly used in traditional medicine as anti inflammatory drug against pains or as cataplasm to stop hemorrhage in Ivory Coast. In this work, we want to test the volatiles as essential oil extracted from the fresh leaves of C. odorata, on the cyclooxygenase function of prostaglandin-H synthase (PGHS), a protein implicated in the inflammatory process. Our goal is to make up the in vivo therapeutic activity and understand the mechanism of its biologic activity. This essential oil is extracted from leaves of C. odorata by hydrodistillation to be submitted to in vitro test. The chemical constituents of the essential oil of C. odorata increase the activity of cyclooxygenase function of PGHS with an AC 50 value of 87.5 µg/mL. Studies are in progress to indentify all the constituents implicated in the activity.
Key words: Chromoleana odorata, essential oil, cyclooxygenase, PGHS.
K. R. Oussou, G. Bedi*, Z. F. Tonzibo, C. Choppard, J. P. Mahy and T. Y. N’Guessan
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