ISSN 2326-7267
Research Article
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 4 (3), pp. 001-009, March, 2013. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Cytotoxicity of extracts from fruit plants against leukemic cell lines
Chadarat Ampasavate1, Siriporn Okonogi1 and Songyot Anuchapreeda2*
1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
2Division of Clinical Microscopy, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
Accepted 13 January, 2013
Abstract
This study examined the antileukemic activity of non edible parts of 13 common Thai tropical fruits. Their ethanolic extracts were tested for cytotoxic effects on U937, K562, HL60, Molt 4 and normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Three of 20 crude plant extracts (kaffir lime leaves, mangosteen peels, and wampee leaves) had strong cytotoxic effects on K562, U937, and Molt4 cells. The IC50 values of kaffir lime leaves on those cells were 26.1, 9.0 and 11.9 µg/ml respectively, whereas those of mangosteen peel were 23.6, 4.5 and 10.1 µg/ml, and those of wampee leaves were 71.9, 13 and 70.4 µg/ml. Furthermore, pomegranate peel extract had a potent cytotoxic effect on HL60 cells (IC50 of 8.0 µg/ml), but was non-toxic to normal PBMCs, indicating that as a potential source of antileukemic agents.
Key words: Fruit plants, cytotoxicity, leukemic cell line.
Siriporn Okonogi and Songyot Anuchapreeda*, Chadarat Ampasavate
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Research Article
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 4 (3), pp. 001-007, March, 2013. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Ethno medicinal information on collation and identification of some medicinal plants in Research Institutes of South-west Nigeria
I. O. Lawal1*, N. E. Uzokwe1, A. B. I. Igboanugo1, A. F. Adio1, E. A. Awosan1, J. O. Nwogwugwu1, B. Faloye2, B. P. Olatunji3 and A. A. Adesoga1
1Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN), Nigeria.
2International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nigeria.
3Department of Pharmacognosy University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Accepted 09 January, 2013
Abstract
An arboretum is a collection of trees. Related collections include a fruticetum (from the Latin frutex, meaning shrub), and a viticetum, a collection of vines. More commonly today, an arboretum is a botanical garden containing living collections of woody plants intended at least partly for scientific study. Distribution of medicinal plants information were investigated in International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) arboretum and Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria (FRIN) arboretum to collate and identify different medicinal plants used in the traditional pharmacopoeia for the treatment of diseases affecting human body. The indigenous knowledge of local traditional healers and the native plants used for medicinal purposes were collected through questionnaire and personal interviews during field trips. A total of 120 informants aged 35 and above comprising 64% males and 36% females were interviewed. The investigation revealed that a total of 129 species of medicinal plants (Trees (78%), Shrubs (18%), Herbs (3%) and Climbers (1%)) belonging to 39 families 94 genera were identified and documented. Much of the plant families have been endangered as they were not easily found during the field work. Plants are documented for further research on their secondary metabolites, biological attributes in the various plant parts.
Key words: Ethnomedicinal, identification, collation, research institutes, arboretum.
N. E. Uzokwe, B. Faloye, A. F. Adio, E. A. Awosan, J. O. Nwogwugwu, I. O. Lawal*, B. P. Olatunji and A. A. Adesoga, A. B. I. Igboanugo
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Research Article
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 4 (3), pp. 001-005, March, 2013. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
The water decoction of Aristolochia debilis Sieb.et Zucc induces renal toxic effects in rats
Li-Qun Song1, Xiao-Peng Ma1, Li-Zhe Wang2, Yu Qiao3, Ye-Xu Song3 and Yan-Chun Ma3
1The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang Traditional Chinese Medicine University, Harbin 150040, China.
2Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin150036, China.
3Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China.
Accepted 10 January, 2013
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate toxic effects of different concentration of the Aristolochia debilis Sieb.et Zucc. on renal functions in rats. Wistar rats were randomly divided into low dosage group (treated with A. debilis Sieb.et Zucc at a dose of 0.81 g.kg-1.d-1 for three months), moderate dosage group (at a dose of 4.05 g.kg-1.d-1), high dosage group (at a dose of 8.1 g.kg-1.d-1) and control group. The renal function and urine nacety- -D- amino- glucosidase (NAG), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Scr) was measured in 1, 2 and 3 months. The histopathological changes were examined by light and electron microscopy. The urine NAG level was elevated in High dosage group and Moderate dosage group, but there were no significant differences of BUN and serum creatinine among four groups. The renal histopathological examination showed that slight tubular-interstitial injury was detected in moderate dosage group and obvious renal injury was observed in High dosage group. Nevertheless, there were no renal abnormalities in Low dosage group. In summary, low dosage of A. debilis Sieb.et Zucc was rather safety and did not cause the renal toxicity. Nevertheless, moderate and high dosage of A. debilis Sieb.et Zucc may impair renal function and induce renal tubular-interstitial injury.
Key words: Aristolochia debilis Sieb.et Zucc., aristolochic acid, renal injury, NAG, BUN.
Li-Qun Song, Ye-Xu Song and Yan-Chun Ma, Xiao-Peng Ma, Yu Qiao, Li-Zhe Wang
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 4 (2), pp. 001-010, February, 2013. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Treatment-resistant depression amongst older adults: Risk factors and treatment options
Esther G. Ebenezer
Department of Psychiatry, UniKL, Royal College of Medicine, Perak, Malaysia. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: 605 – 2432635. Fax: 605 – 2432636. Mobile: 6013 – 5201220.
Accepted 14 December, 2012
Abstract
Depression is one of the most common mental health disorders of the elderly. Though depression is a treatable condition, approximately one-third of patients do not respond to treatment and fall into the category of ‘treatment resistant depression’ (TRD). The aim of this paper is: (1) to investigate the definition for TRD, (2) to review the risk factors that contribute to TRD in later life and (3) to describe the treatment options for TRD in later life. Electronic MEDLINE literature search (Ovid) from 1981 to 2002 using the key words ‘treatment resistant depression’ and ‘elderly’ was carried out. Additional relevant articles cited by the retrieved papers were manually searched and screened to ensure that they met the following inclusion criteria: (1) use of an acceptable diagnostic criteria for depression, (2) TRD defined as failure to respond to one or more adequate trials of antidepressant for at least 6 weeks, (3) participants’ mean age of 60 years or more and (4) sample size of at least 10 subjects. The concept of TRD remains contentious and poorly defined. Few cross-sectional studies have systematically investigated the risk factors associated with TRD. At present, there are no well-conducted randomised trials investigating how best to treat older adults with TRD. TRD in later life remains poorly defined and understood. There is an urgent need for the introduction of a widely accepted definition of Treatment Resiatant Depression, as well as the reliable identification of populations at risk and development of evidence-based treatment algorithms for patients.
Key words: Depression, elderly, treatment resistance, treatment refractory, management, risk factors.
Esther G. Ebenezer
Page: 1 - 10
Research Article
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology Vol. 1 (3) pp. 029-033, December, 2012. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Antibacterial screening of leaves of wild and cultivated olive of Azad Kashmir
Muhammad Altaf Hussain*, Muhammad Qayyum Khan, Nuzhat Mir Alam, Nazar Hussain, Taqiq Habib and Mhammad Ashfaq Awan
University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Muzaffarabad-13100, Pakistan.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
Received 01 October, 2012; Accepted 22, October, 2012
Abstract
Wild and cultivated olive has been used in the treatment of many diseases ethnopharmacologically in Pakistan. In the present manuscript we have demonstrated the antimicrobial effects of various fractions of leaves of Olea cuspidata and Olea europaea. The leaves of O. cuspidata Wall and O. europaea L. (Family: Oleaceae) were extracted successively with four different organic solvents. These crude extracts were assessed for antibacterial activities against eight different bacterial human pathogens that is, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiela pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, Citrobacter freundii and Streptococcus pneumoniae by using disc diffusion method. The chloroform, ethanol, and methanol crude extracts of leaves of wild and cultivated olive had significant antimicrobial activities on all the bacterial strains tested. The standard reference antibiotic discs, Ciprofloxacin (5 µg) and Erythrocin (30 µg) were used as positive control. The capacity of the extracts and antibiotics were evaluated on the basis of their capacity to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria measured as zone of inhibition. Almost all bacteria showed to be sensible against the antibiotics with the value of zone of inhibition ranging from 25 to 35 mm, while the effectiveness of olive leaves extracts varied from one species to other with zone of inhibition values of 10 to 30 mm. The ethanol and methanol crude extracts of leaves of wild and cultivated olive exhibited prominent activities against all bacteria used in comparison to chloroform extract which had moderate activity against the tested bacteria. Petroleum ether extract have no effect on any of the bacteria tested. Extract obtained with ethanol appeared to be the most effective against all pathogenic bacteria compared to those obtained with other solvents.
Key words: Antimicrobial screening, antibiotic discs, disc diffusion, wild olive.
Hussain MA, Khan MQ, Alam NM, Habib T and Awan MA, Hussain N
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Short Communication
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 4 (2), pp. 001-003, February, 2013. © International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
Analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous root extract of Cassia sieberiana D. C. (Caesalpiniaceae)
Guata Yoro Sy1*, Alioune Dior Fall2, William Diatta2, Malick Gueye2, Khady Badji2, Emmanuel Bassène2 and Babacar Faye1
1Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d’Odonto-Stomatologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, BP 5005, Dakar-Sénégal.
2Laboratoire de Pharmacognosie et Botanique, Faculté de Médecine, de Pharmacie et d’Odonto-Stomatologie, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, BP 5005, Dakar-Sénégal.
Accepted 19 November, 2012
Abstract
The analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of Cassia sieberiana roots were investigated. Analgesic activity had been investigated using acetic acid induced contortions in mice. The aqueous root extract of C. sieberiana at 300 mg/kg per os showed similar analgesic activity than 100 mg/kg of acetylsalicylic acid (20 ± 1.14 vs 26 ± 1.79 contortions) (ns, p < 0.05). In rat paw oedema model, C. sieberiana aqueous root extract significantly decreased carrageenan-induced oedema. These results showed that aqueous root extract of C. sieberiana possessed both analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities, which have justified their use in Senegal traditional medicine to treat pain and inflammation.
Key words: Cassia sieberiana, pain, inflammation, phytotherapy.
Emmanuel Bassène and Babacar Faye, Alioune Dior Fall, Guata Yoro Sy*, Khady Badji, William Diatta, Malick Gueye
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