International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 4 (3), pp. 001-010, March, 2015. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effect of fractionation on antiradical efficacy of ethyl acetate extract of Terminalia chebula Retz.

Harpreet Walia¹, Rajbir Singh¹, Subodh Kumar² and Saroj Arora¹*

¹Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-143005, Punjab, India.

²Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-143005, Punjab, India.

Accepted 12 October, 2014

Abstract

There is currently an upsurge of interest in phytochemicals as new sources of natural antioxidants. The aim is to use them in foods and pharmaceutical preparations in order to replace synthetic antioxidants, which are being restricted due to their potential health risks and toxicity. The relative levels of antioxidant activity and the total phenolic content of ethyl acetate extract/fractions of Terminalia chebula have been determined using DPPH, Deoxyribose, Reducing power, Chelating power, Lipid peroxidation, DNA nicking assay and the Folin- Ciocalteu colorimetric method. There was a positive linear correlation between antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of ethyl acetate extract/fractions. Thus, it was concluded that phenolic compounds were the predominant antioxidant components in the fruits of T. chebula. The extract was prepared by maceration method at room temperature and further fractionated with ethyl acetate and water. It was observed that the free radical scavenging activity of fractions was comparatively more as compared to their crude extract and ethyl acetate fraction showed the maximum effect in all assays. The percent inhibition with ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) of ethyl acetate extract was observed to be 71.5, 90.0, 75.1, 74.3 and 77.6% in DPPH, site specific and non-site specific deoxyribose, chelating power and lipid peroxidation assays, respectively at maximum concentration tested.

Key words: Terminalia chebula, oxidative stress, phytochemicals, antioxidants, lipid peroxidation.

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 4 (3), pp. 001-006, March, 2015. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Treatment with extracts of Eugenia jambolana seed and Aegle marmelos leaf extracts prevents hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in alloxan induced diabetic rats

T. Gohil¹*, N. Pathak¹, N. Jivani¹, V. Devmurari¹ and J. Patel²

¹Smt. R. B. Patel Mahila Pharmacy College, Atkot, Gujarat, India.

²S. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Science Education Research Center, Kherava, Gujarat, India.

Accepted 15 September, 2014

Abstract

Eugenia jambolana and Aegle marmelos are used extensively in the indigenous system of medicine as an anti-diabetic agent. The current investigation focuses on the serum insulin augmentation, anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic property of a combined aqueous extracts of E. jambolana and A. marmelos (EA) on alloxan induced diabetic rats. The diabetes induced animals were fed with plant extracts at the increasing dosage of 200, 300 and 400 mg of body wt. The combined plant extracts administrated animals revealed a significant (P < 0.001) increment of serum insulin levels, higher reduction in hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia when compared to the diabetic control rats (P < 0.001). The histological studies of the endocrine region of pancreas of diabetic animals revealed that shrinkage of cells of islets of langerhans. The combined plant extracts treated animals revealed restoration of - cells. The restoration of cells was evident at higher dose level that is, 400 mg/by wt extracts fed groups.

Key words: Eugenia jambolana, Aegle marmelos, alloxan, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia.

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 4 (2), pp. 001-007, February, 2015. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of Gunnera perpensa (Gunneraceae)

Mpumelelo Nkomo¹, Benedicta N. Nkeh-Chungag²*, Learnmore Kambizi¹, Eugene Jamot Ndebia² and Jehu E. Iputo²

¹Botany Department, Walter Sisulu University, PBx 1, Mthatha 5117, South Africa.

²Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha 5117, South Africa.

Accepted 16 October, 2014

Abstract

Gunnera perpensa, which belongs to the Gunneraceae family, is used in folk medicine to relieve rheumatoid pain, facilitate childbirth and for healing wounds. In this study, the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties of this plant extracts were evaluated using the abdominal constriction, hot-plate, formalin, hyperalgesia and fresh egg albumin-induced inflammation. The extracts were administered orally at the test doses of 150 and 200 mg/kg prior to the above-mentioned assays. Both extracts produced significant (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) inhibition of thermal nociception induced by hot plate respectively. Chemical nociception induced by intraperitoneal and sub plantar injections of acetic acid and formalin respectively, were significantly (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) reduced by the extracts in a dose independent manner. The extracts also showed significant antihyperalgesia and anti inflammatory properties (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) respectively. Our findings suggest that G. perpensa possesses both antinociceptive and anti inflammatory activity supporting its traditional use for pain management.

Key words: Gunnera perpensa, hot plate, writhing, formalin, inflammation, pain.

Full Length Research Paper

Antimicrobial activities of the leaves and roots of Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb

¹Fiaz Aziz Minhas, ¹Habib-ur-Rehaman, ¹Ansar Yasin, ¹Zahid Iqbal Awan and ²Muhammad Altaf Hussain

¹Department of Chemistry, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Muzaffarabad-13100, Pakistan.

²Department of Botany, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Muzaffarabad-13100, Pakistan.

*Corresponding Author: [email protected]

Abstract

The leaves and root of Elaeagnus umbellata (Elaeagnaceae) were extracted successively with various organic solvents and water. These crude extracts were evaluated for antimicrobial activities against three gram positive bacteria, five gram negative bacteria, one yeast and one fungus by using disc diffusion method. The acetone, petroleum  ether, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of leaves and roots of the plant exhibited prominent activities while chloroform, ethanol extracts showed moderate activity and water extract showed no activity against all the tested bacteria. Ethanolic and methanolic extracts also showed considerable activity against fungus and yeast. The root extracts of the plant were found more active against the microorganisms.

Key words: E. umbellata, extracts, fungi, yeast, antibiotic discs.

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 4 (2), pp. 180-183, February, 2015. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Treatment of Helicobacter Pylori, comparison of three regimens, a double blind randomized trial                                                                                     

Abu Safieh Yasser F, MD, AGA, and Yamin, Hanin MD

Specialized Arab Hospital, Internal Medicine and GI Department, affiliated with School of Medicine, An-Najah University, Nablus-Palestine.

Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 14 July, 2015

Abstract

Helicobacter pylori infection is a common and serious bacterial infection but therapies are often prescribed empirically, increasingly compromised by antimicrobial resistance, and provide inferior results compared with antimicrobial therapies for other common infectious diseases. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of standard triple, sequential, and concomitant therapies for eradication of H. pylori in a randomized, double-blinded, comparative clinical trial conducted in Palestine. Patients who underwent upper endoscopy for a clinical indication and tested  positive for rapid urease test (RUT) were included, written consent was signed, and randomly allocated into three groups:- Group A received the conventional Triple therapy; Esomeprazole 40mg OD, Amoxicillin 1g and Clarithromycin 500 mg both given BID for 10 days. Group B received sequential therapy; Esomeprazole 40 mg OD and Amoxicillin 1g BID for 5 days then Esomeprazole 40mg OD, Clarithromycin 500 mg BID and Tinidazole 500mg BID for another 5 days, and Group C received concomitant therapy; Esomeprazole 40 mg OD, Amoxicillin 1g, Tinidazole 500mg and Clarithromycin 500 mg all given BID, for 10 days. Stool antigen was done 4 weeks after completion of treatment. Binary logistic regression and X² test with (P < 0.05) were appropriately used to compare the eradication rates. Six hundred and seventy three (673) patients were tested by (RUT), of whom 242 patients (36%) had a positive RUT, 203 patients were included in the study and 163 patients completed the study. In an intention to treat analysis, the overall eradication rate was 73%. The eradication rates were 70.2%, 70.9% and 77.2% in Groups, A, B, and C respectively. Although the eradication rates achieved by the concomitant therapy was higher than both sequential and triple therapy, these differences were not statistically significant. The eradication rates were low with the three protocols. The three protocols are equal as first line treatment of H. pylori. The sequential and concomitant therapies were not superior to triple therapy. New regimens that are more effective, with a higher eradication rate need to be developed.

Key words: Helicobacter pylori, eradication therapies, ulcers, concomitant therapies.

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 3 (5), pp. 001-004, December, 2014. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Anti-inflammatory activity of the venom from samsum ants Pachycondyla sennaarensis

M. A. Dkhil*, A. S. Abdel-Baki, S. Al-Quraishi and M. Al-Khalifa

Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.

Accepted 21 August, 2014

Abstract

Black ants considered as heath hazard problem in many parts of the world. Sting of these ants caused local to systematic reactions and sometimes anaphylaxis. In this study, we proved that the black ant (samsum) venom exerts an anti-inflammatory action on mice model. It was proven that the venom inhibited xylene induced ear swelling in mice with a percentage nearly equal to that of diclofenac. This result was supported by the histological studies which revealed that venom reduced the thickness of the inflamed ears and the cellular infiltration.

Key words: Samsum ant, venom, anti-inflammation, xylene induced ear swelling.