International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 7 (6), pp. 001-006, June, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effect of aqueous extract of Chrysophyllum cainito leaves on the glycaemia of diabetic rabbits

N'guessan Koffi^1*, Amoikon Kouakou Ernest³, Tiébré Marie-Solange¹, Kadja Beugré² and Zirihi Guédé Noël¹

¹University of Cocody-Abidjan (Côte-d’Ivoire), Unity of Formation and Research (U. F. R.) Biosciences; Laboratory of Botany; 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22 (Côte-d’Ivoire).

²University of Cocody-Abidjan, U. F. R. Biosciences, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Abidjan, Côte-d’Ivoire

³University of Cocody-Abidjan, U. F. R. Biosciences, Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Abidjan, Côte-d’Ivoire.

Accepted 14 March, 2018

Abstract

Chrysophyllum cainito is a plant recognized by the traditional healers of Aboudé-Mandéké, a village in the Department of Agboville (Côte-d’Ivoire), as having antidiabetic properties. The aim of this study is to evaluate, experimentally, the effect of an aqueous decoction of the plant’s leaves that we called C. cainito, on rabbits induced with alloxane, a diabetogenic product. Different graded doses of this herbal medicine were applied on postprandial blood sugar levels of diabetic rabbits. At doses of 10 g/l, C. cainito does not induce the hypoglycaemic effect. A dose of 20 g/l reduced the hyperglycaemia from 5 g/l to 1.4 g/l. A dose of 30 g/l of C. cainito produced a graded decrease in hyperglycaemia from 6.3 g/l to 3.2 g/l. After 6 weeks of treatment, the induced diabetic rabbits stopped eating and succumbed between the 8^th and the 9^th weeks of experimentation. It was thus concluded that C. cainito leaves have glucose lowering effect at doses > 10 g/l and appears toxic and lethal at 30 g/l. C. cainito produces its hypoglycaemic effect mainly through alkaloids, sterols or triterpens, the antidiabetic active constituents.

Key words: Aboudé-Mandéké, alloxan, Côte-d’Ivoire, herbal medicine, traditional healer.

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 7 (5), pp. 001-007, May, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Evaluation of extracts of Triclisia suboardata Oliv and Heinsia crinita (Afz) G. Taylor for antimicrobial activity against some clinical bacterial isolates and fungi

K. A. Abo¹*, I. O. Lawal¹ and A. Ogunkanmi²

¹Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

²Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.

Accepted 28 January, 2018

Abstract

We report antimicrobial potential of extracts of roots of Triclisia subcordata and whole plant of Heinsia crinita used as components of various herbal portions in ethnomedine in South West Nigeria to treat acute urinogenital infections and infertility. Methanol and hexane extracts of each plant were obtained by maceration and tested for antimicrobial activity using agar diffusion and microbroth dilution techniques. The extracts were tested against strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and fungi including four species of Candida. The study showed that extracts of H. crinita and T. subcordata exhibited profound antibacterial activity against the typed and clinical isolates obtained from patients with STD and meningitis. High antifungal activity, particularly against the Candida species was noted as Candida species are implicated in candidiasis and vaginal thrush. Generally, the methanol extract was more effective than the hexane extracts on the test micro-organisms. The study justifies the ethnopharmacological uses of these medicinal plants for treatment of microbial infections.

Key words: Triclisia subcardata, Heinsia crinita, antimicrobial activity, non-gonococcal urethritis, infertility.

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 7 (5), pp. 001-007, May, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Assessment of antibiotics production potentials in four actinomycetes isolated from aquatic environments of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa

Cwala Z., Igbinosa E. O. and Okoh A. I.*

Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, Private Bag X1314, South Africa.

Accepted 21 January, 2018

Abstract

Crude extracts of four actinomycetes species belonging to Actinoplane [NB 034], Streptomyces [TR 007] and Actinopolyspora [NB 069 and TR 008] genera were screened for antibacterial activities against a wide range of bacterial strains. The extracts showed antibacterial activities against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive test bacteria with zones of inhibition ranging between 2 and 27 mm (NB 034); 9 and 15 mm (TR 007); 8 and13 (NB 069) and 2 and 12 mm (NB 069) . The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts against the test bacteria ranged from 0.039 - 5 mg/ml, while the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) ranged from 5 to >10 mg/ml. The extracts exhibited concentration-time dependent killing of Staphylococcus aureus OKOH2A and Staphylococcus scuiri OKOH2B with a 0.73log₁₀ and 0.88log₁₀ reduction in viable counts respectively, while a re-growth phenomenon was exhibited by Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 4352 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 at MIC, 2 × MIC and 4 × MIC of Streptomyces (TR 007) Actinopolyspora (TR 008) extracts. All the active extracts exhibited bacteriostatic activities.

Key words: Actinoplane, streptomyces, actinopolyspora, antibiotic production.

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology ISSN: 2326-7267 Vol. 7 (4), pp. 001-009, April, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract ameliorates metalaxyl fungicide induced nephrotoxicity in albino mice

Saber Sakr .A.¹*, Hawazen Lamfon .A.² and Amina Essawy .E.^2,3

¹Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Egypt.

²Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia.

³Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt

Accepted 16 February, 2018

Abstract

The present work studied the effect of metalaxyl on the structure and function of the kidney of albino mice. The work extends to study the possible role played by the aqueous extract of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) in minimizing the toxicity of metalaxyl. Animals were divided into 4 groups. Group 1: given metalaxyl at a dose level of 1/10 LD₅₀ for 4 weeks, Group 2: given metalaxyl and ginger, Group 3: given ginger and Group 4: controls. Kidney cortex of metalaxyl-treated mice showed many histopathological alterations. The renal tubules lost their characteristic appearance and their lining epithelial cells appeared with cytoplasmic vacuolation. The glomeruli were degenerated and the renal blood vessels were congested. The intertubular spaces were infiltrated by inflammatory leucocytic cells. Metalaxyl caused marked elevation in serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. It also leads to significant increase in malondialdehyde and decreased superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Treating animals with metalaxyl and ginger led to an improvement in the histological structure of the kidney together with significant decrease in urea and creatinine. Moreover, ginger reduced the level of serum malondialdhyde (lipid peroxidation marker) and increased the serum activity of antioxidant enzymes, SOD and CAT. The present results indicate that ginger has ameliorative effect against kidney damage induced by metalaxyl and this may be mediated by the antioxidant activity of ginger.

Key words: Metalaxyl, nephrotoxicity, ginger, histopathology, antioxidant.

Key words: Piper betel leaf, H₁-antagonist, guinea pig.